'Ile following are the names of a number of oils which are more or less used in this country: Cotton-seed oil. Palm-nut oil, a cleared limped oil from the bard nut of the oil-palm; this nut was formerly rejected as useless after the oil had been obtained from the fruit. Safflower-seed oil, from the seeds of carthanzus tinefort'us; it constitutes the real Macassar oil. Sunflower-seed oil, from seed imported from the Black sea provinces of Rossia; a rapidly increasing trade is springing up in this excellent oil. Poppy-seed oil. from the seed of papaver senzniferunz, hugely imported from India; it is as sweet as olive oh, and is extensively substituted for it, especially in France, where it is also very largely cultivated. Gingelli-seed oil, from the seed of sesannon orientate, an important Indian staple of which we are large consumers; the oil is much used for wool dressing, etc. -Ground-nut oil, from the seeds of araehis hypeoyea, imported from western Africa and India; this oil is particularly adapted for fine machinery, as it is not affected by cold. Niger, til, or teel-seed oil. from the seeds of Gitizotia oleffera, much imported from Bombay. Croton oil, from the seeds of jatrepha enreas, largely used in wool dressing. The croton oil used in medicine is from cretin?, figlium, of which only small quantities are imported; whereas of the other 1200 or 1400 tons, besides a quantity of the seed, often reach us in one year. Another highly valuable medicinal oil, castor oil (q.v.), is of great commercial importance. Almond oil; chiefly used for perifitneryopurPoSes, is made from the kernels of the sweet and hitter almond; it is the most free from flavor and odor of any oil in use, notwithstanding that the essential oil of bitter almonds is so strongly flavored.
Oils made from the seeds of the following plants have some commercial value in other countries: Media setiva; argemone Haryana; various species of gourds; garden cress (lepidivm satieum); tobacco, now extensively used in southern Russia, Turkey, and Austria; hazel-nuts; walnuts; nuts of stone pine; pistachio nut; tea-seed; this in China is a common painter's oil; the A,crape, from the seeds or stones, as-they are called, saved from the wine-presses, used in Italy; Brazil-nuts (Bertholetia excelsa); calophyllum inephyl lant, called pinnacottay oil in India; melia a-zadirachta, called in India by the names meem and margosa oil; aleurites triloba, called in India country almond oil, and much used for burning in lamps and torches; pioralca corylifolia, called baw-ehee-seed oil. The seed is sometimes imported to this country for pressing. Ben-seeds (morinya pter,y gospernta); bon-chic-nuts, the seeds of guilandina bonduc and G. bonducella.
The following oils, new to European commerce, were shown in the international exhibition of 1802. India.—Teorah oil, from the seeds of &Passim crucastrum; capala oil, from the seeds of rottlera tinctoria • cardamom oil, from the seeds of &Italia carda mumurn; hidglee badham oil, from the seeds of anacardium cccidentale, or cashew-nut, now largely cultivated in India; cassia-seed oil; chaulmoog,ra oil, from the seeds of hydnocarpus oclorata; cheerongee oil, from the seeds of Buchanania latifella; chem marum oil, from the seeds of amoora rohitulat; Circassian-bean oil, from the seeds of adenanthera paronina; hoorhoorya oil, from the seeds of Pulanisia icosandra; custard apple-seed oil, from the seeds of a-nona squamesa; exile oil, from the seeds of cerbera theectia; monela-grain ail, from the seeds of dolichos vniJlorus; kanari oil, from the seeds of Cauarium commune; khaliziri oil, from the seeds of vernonia a othelmintica malkun gunnee oil, from the seeds of ce,'astraes paniculatus; bakul oil, from the seeds of elengi; rana oil, from the seeds of mimusops kaki; moodooga or pubis oil, from the seeds of butea frondosa; nahor or nageshur oil, from the seeds of mesua ferar; bone-seed oil, from seeds of calophyllum calaba ' • poonga, caron, or kurrmig oil, from the seeds of pongainia-giabra; vappanley oil, from seeds of Wrightut antidysenterica; babool oil, from seeds of accasia Ambica; gamboge oil, from seeds of the gamboge tree (gareinia pictoria); coodiri oil, from the seeds of stercvlia faptiela; kiknel oil, from the seeds of saleaderea persica; marotty, surrate, or neeradimootoo oil, from the seeds of hydnacarpns inelmians; and pundi-kai oil, from the nutmegs of myristica malabarica.
Front Dratil.—Oils from the seeds of female cardifolia. vrovosperma. anisosperma passylera, cueurbita eitrullus, mabea fistuligcra, anda gomesii, myristica bicuhiba, carpet roche Draziliensis, dipter-ir odorata, theobroma cacao, acrocomia scleroi•arpa, nectandra cym. barum, and from the fat of the alligator and the tapir, all for medicinal and perfumery purposes; and oils from the seeds of entocalyms bacdba, (E. putout", caryoca Braziliensis, and Euterpe edulis, used for culinary and lighting purposes.
From British Guiana.-0ii drawn from the stem of oreodaphne opifera; it resembles refined turpentine, and is suggested as a solvent for india-rubber. Wallaba oil, from tile wood of the wallaby, tree (epererw falcata), medicinal.
The preparation of the essential oils is treated of under PERFUMERY.
The importance of the manufacture of oils is very great; in 1875 the value of the imports of the leading staples of this trade—viz., fish, palm, cocoa, and olive oils—was DO less than £4,012,901. The aggregate of the other kinds was £2,471,590. In addition, oil seeds to the value of over R6,500,000 are imported for crushing in Great Britain; whilst the exports of oil amount in value to about £1,600,000. Thus, it will be seen that this trade represents a capital of above $14,000,000 sterling. See OIL-WELLS and OIL TRADE.