The Evangelical Lutherans began foreign missions in 1841. They have missions in India and Africa, with 5 ordained European missionaries, 2 ordained native missionaries, 42 native assistants, 250 communicants, 5,092 baptized converts, and 950 scholars. The Seventh-day Baptists began in 1842, and have small missions in West Africa and China. The Baptist church, South, began mission work in 1845, and has missions among the American Indians, and in Italy, Africa, and China. The United Presbyterian church, from its organization in America in 1858, has had missions in Syria, Egypt, India, and China. It had in 1880 23 stations, 13 foreign ordained missionaries, 8 native ministers, 12 teachers, 21 churches, 1218 communicants, 3,702 scholars. The Presbyterian church, South, was organized separately in 1861, during the rebellion; and in 1880 had 17 mis sionaries, 50 native laborers, 1400 communicants, 495 pupils, and an income of $48,485.
At the period when the subject of slavery was kindling intense feeling and heated discussion throughout the United States, some of the missionary societies sought to avoid being involved in those controversies as foreign to their objects, while some friends of the cause thought it impossible to maintain neutral ground. This led to sepa rate organization.—The Free Baptist missionary society was formed in 1843, sending a mission to Hayti; and the American missionary association in 1845. The Union mis sionary, the committee for the West India mission, and the Western Evangelical mis sionary association, joined the American missionary association, taking with them their missions in West Africa, in the West Indies, and among the North American Indians. This society, now mainly in tha=hands of the Congregational churches, has operated in Siam, the Hawaiian islands, and also among the Chinese of California. The work in the Mendi mission and among the Chinese has been very successful. Since the slaves were emancipated, it has been chiefly occupied with a great work among the freedmen of the former slave and border states. It had in 1880 93 missionaries, 213 teachers, 76 churches, 5,0S4 church members, 71 schools, 10,020 pupils.
The American and foreign Christian union resulted front the union in 1849 of the Foreign Evangelical, American Protestant, and Philo-Italian societies. It has labored in Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Canada, Hayti, South America, and _Mexico, and five years after its organization numbered 140 missionaries, half of whom were ordained. Denomi national societies having become interested in the work, the union has transferred much of its work to them, and turned its attention more to our own country. It is still aiding
the work of foreign evangelization, especially in France and Spain. In 1815 a seminary for the training of missionaries was founded at Basel, and in 1821 the evangelical mis sionary society was formed there, which employs in Africa, India, and China 98 Euro pean missionaries, 59 female missionaries, and 210 native laborers, and has 3,718 commu nicants. France, since 1822, has had a missionary society, with a mission among the Basutos of a. Africa, which has occupied 17 stations, has 69 native helpers, and 2,000 communicants.—In 1824 the Berlin missionary society was formed, and has a mission in southern Africa With 31 stations and 45 laborers.—The Rhenish missionary society. founded in 1828, has 16 stations in s. Africa, with 11,800 converts; also among the Batas in Sumatra, 11 stations, with 3,500 converts.—In 1836 the evangelical Lutheran mission ary association of Leipsic was founded, and has in India 17 European missionaries, 16 stations.—In 1854 the Hermansberg society was organized, which has sent out entire colonies of missionaries.—There is also Gossner's mission union, founded in 1836 by Papa Gossner, as he was called, at 70 years of age, largely with his own resources. Its most interesting station is in and near Chota Nagpore, among the Kohls. The first convert was baptized in 1850, and in 1857 there were 800 converts. In the Sepoy rebellion they were hunted from their homes, their chapels were unroofed, and a price set on their heads. Those who survived gradually found their way back, rebuilt their hats and chapels, and in 1863 numbered 3.400. In 1871 there were 20,720 native Christians, 101 native preachers, and 1297 scholars.—The Friends' missionary society began their work by sending Rachel Metcalfe to India in 1866. This mission has been reinforced, and has now 11 members and 4 native teachers and catechists. In 1867, in response to an appeal from 31r. Ellis of the London missionary society, they sent Mr. SewelLto Madagascar, where they had hAsigned to theirr.one Ulla). 9 churelfes of the metropolis, with the work in a district 70 in. long, 35 m. wide. They have now 108 congregations, 3,250 members, 85 schools, and 2,860 pupils. When Mr. Sewell went there the majority in the district still trusted in their intik, but in two years had destroyed them all. In Syria also they are doing good work. These missions, though ascribed to English Friends, are largely aided in men and means from America. The American Friends have a mission in Mexico.