MULLER, FRIEDRICH, a German philologist: b. at Jcunik, Bohemia, 1834; studied in Vienna in 1853-57: was librarian there in 1858-66; became in 1869 professor of com parative philology and Sanskrit at the university, and a member of the academy of sciences. He is considered one of the highest authorities in comparative philology and ethnology, and lmas contributed largely on these subjects to periodicals. His principal works are Rase der oesterreiehischen73regatte Hovarra; Linguistischer 17teilr; Ethnograph ischer Allgenteine Ethnographic.
XitLLER, FRIEDRICH MAX of AXIMILTAN), one of the most eminent living orientalists, was born at 1.)nsau, in the duchy of ,Anhalt,Deslau,, Dec. 6„1823. His father, Wilhelm Miller, distinguished not only for his worth as a man, and his extensive and thorough scholarship, but as one of the first German lyric poets, was librarian of the ducal library, but died prematurely, Oct., 1827. Midler received the elements of his education at Dessau, and then went to Leipsic, where, under prof. Hermann Brock haus, he began the study of Sanscrit. This he soon chose as his special pursuit; and the first fruits of his labors appeared in a translation of the llitopadesa (Leip. 1844). In 1844 he went to Berlin to study under Bopp and Shelling, and consult the Sanscrit MSS. to be found there. In Paris, whither he repaired in 1845, be began, at the instigation of Burnout, to prepare for an edition of the Rig-Veda, with the commentary of Sfiyanac firya. With this view he came to England, June, 1846, to examine the MSS. in the East India house, London, and the Bodleian library at Oxford; and, on the recommendation of the late prof. II. H. Wilson, the East India company commissioned him (1847) to edit the Rig-Veda at their expense. The first volume of tlds great undertaking, printed at
the Oxford university press, appeared in 1849; and the sixth and concluding volume was published in 1874. In 1850 3Ifdler was appointed deputy Taylorian professor of modern languages at Oxford; in 1854 he succeeded to the professorship; and in 1858, was elected a fellow of All Souls. While pursuing his labors connected with the Rig Veda, Midler has published treatises on a variety of philological topics, which have done more to awaken in England a taste for the science of language in its modern sense (see GRAMMAR) than the labors of any other single scholar. Inheritin,g the poetic imagination and fire of his father, Muller has at command such a felicity of illustration, that subjects dry under ordinary treatment, become in his hands attractive. He has published a translation into German of Kalidfisa's 3fegha-dilta (Konig. 1S47); The Languages qf the Seat of Mr in the East (2d ed. Load. 1855); Comparative Mythology (in the Oxford Essays for 1856) ; History of Ancient Sanscrit Literature (2d ed. Loud. 1860); lectures en The Science qif Language, delivered at the Royal institution, London, in 1861; a second series, deliv ered in 1863. In 1868 he delivered the Rede lecture at Cambridge, " On the Stratification of Languages;" and, in 1870, at the Royal institution, London, a course orleetures " On the Science of Religion." Chips from a German 1Vorkshop, in 4 vols., were published 1868-75. Ho is one of the eight foreign members of the institute of France, and has received the degree of LL.D. from Cambridge and Edinburgh.