MULLER, KARL OTFRIED, one of the most genial, richly erudite, and industrious classical archaeologists of modern times, was b. Aug. 28, 1797, at Brieg, in Silesia. He was the son of a clergyman, and received a careful education. He studied at Breslau and Berlin. His taste for philological and archaeological studies was early developed. The first fruit of his learning was the publication of the Aegineticorum _Tiber (Berl. 181'7), after which he soon received an appointment to the Magdedenum in Breslau, where his leisure hours were devoted to a grand attempt to analyze the whole circle of Greek myths. In 1819 he obtained an archmological chair in Gottingen; and to thoroughly prepare himself for it, visited the collections in Germany, France, and England. His great design was to embrace the whole life of ancient Greece, its art, polities, industry, religion, in one warm and vivid conception—in a word, to cover the skeletons of anti quity with flesh, and to make the dry bones live. With this view he lectured and wrote with a fine earnest animation, until the political troubles in Hanover made his position uncomfortable. He obtained permission to travel, and made tours in Greece and Italy, but unfortunately died of an intermittent fever at Athens Aug. 1, 1840. :Muller's lit erary and scholarly activity stretched over the whole field of Greek antiquity. We are indebted to him for many new and striking elucidations of the geography and topog raphy, literature, grammar; mythology, manners, and customs of the ancients. His work on the Dorians (Die Device, translated into English by sir George Cornwall Lewis and Henry Tuffnell) forms the 2d and 3d vols. of his Geschichte Stiimm,e und Staaten (new and improved ed. 3 vols. Bresl. 1844); his treatise Ueber die Tirohnsitze, .Abstammnng
tend ?Were GeschUhte des Macedon. Yolks (Berl. 1825); his Etrusker (2 vole. Bresl. 1828); and his maps of Greece, are works of the highest importance in the departments of ancient history and ethnology. His Handbuch der ologie der .Kunst (Bresl. 1830, 3d ed. 1846; English by Leitch, London, 1850) is frill of learning and of acute original obser vations. His Probsgomenen zueiner wissenschaftlkhen Mythologic (Gott., 1825) led the way to a strictly historical explanation of the ancient myths. The work by which he is proba bly best known in England is his History of the Literature of Ancient Greece (Lond. 1840); undertaken at the request of the British "society for the diffusion of useful knowledge." Mfiller died before finishing it; what he had finished was translated into English by sir George Cornwall Lewis and Dr. Donaldson, the latter of whom continued the work from where it left off–Lat the age of Alexander—down to the taking of Constantinople. The German original was published by Muller's brother (Bresl. 1841). He showed himself also an acute and judicious critic in his editions of Varro, De Lingua Latina, Festus, De Sigoificatione Verbornm, etc. His contribUtions to periodicals, encyclopedias, etc., were likewise numerous and valuable.—MULLtam, .Tumus, brother of the preceding, was born nt Brieg, Apr. 10, 1801, educated at Breslau, Gottingen, and Berlin, and after holding several offices, finally became a professor of theology at Halle. Ills best known work, Die Christliche Le/ire eon der Sande The Christian Doctrine of Sin; English, Edin 18o6), is considered by theological critics the most acute and profound treatise written in mod ern times on this mysterious subject.