N1EMCEWIECZ, Jutaix Uttsfx, 1757-1841, b. Poland; entered the army as an adju tant at the age of 20, and became an intimate friend of Kosciuszko. After a tow in England and on the continent, he left the army in 1788, and entered the Polish diet as a deputy from Livonia. and became an advocate of the patriotic party. In 1791 with his colleague Weyssenhoff, he began the publication of the Satioaal and Foreign Gazette, and tie also encouraged the spirit of nationality by his poems and dramas. He drew up the so-called "constitution of the 3d of May,' which changed Poland from an elective to an hereditary monarchy, and abolished many of the privileges of the nobility. In the insur rection caused by the second partition of Poland, Niemcewiecz was the adviser and aid de-camp of Kosciuszko; and lie was wounded and taken prisoner at the disastrous battle of Macieiowice. During his imprisonment of 2 years, at St. Petersburg, he familiarized himself with the English poetry of the 18th c., and translated Pope's Rape of the Lock. On his release he came with Kosciuszko to this country, where in 1800. he married Mrs. of New York. Among his acquaintances in America, were Jefferson, and the exiled duke of Orleans, who afterwards became king Louis Philippe. In 1802
he was allowed to return to Poland on the death of his-father. He came back to the United States for a brief period; but when Napoleon entered Poland in 1806, he sailed for Europe, and on the establishment of the grand-duchy of Warsaw, the king of Saxony made him secretary of the senate, inspector of schools, and member of the supreme coun cil of public instruction. After Poland again passed under the power of Russia, though retained by the emperor Alexander iu his office of perpetual secretary, lie kept alive the memories of Polish nationality, iu his Historical Ballads, 181G. He delivered a funeral oration over Kosciuszko in 1817, and in 1822 began the publication of his Collection if Memoirs on Ancient Poland, celebrating the national heroes of Poland. He took part in the unsuccessful revolution of 1S30, and spent the rest of his life in exile. Besides the works already named, lie published novels, comedies, and tragedies. His Notes on My Captivity in St. Petersburg, appeared in 1843, and was translated into English, the next year. A volume of memoirs of his own time was published at Paris, in 1848.