NICOLE, PIERRE, 1625-95, b. Chartres. France; at an early age attained unusual proficiency in philosophy and classical studies, and when but fourteen began at Paris a course of philosophical and theological study. Here he came much under the influence of Anthony Arnauld (q.v.). and was deterred from taking orders by his views on the Jansenist aiscusaion, and his dislike of the Jesuit power. attached himself to the recluses (solitaires) of Port Royal (q.v.) at Les Granges, and lietanie an instructor in the Jansemist schools, while continuing the study of theology at the Sorbonne. From this time he his pen to extending and expounding the doctrines of Jansenism, though he did not fully agree with the extreme advocates of that system. The number of his moral, religious, and controversial treatises is large, all characterized by purity of style, subtilty of discrimination, and a broad and generous humanity. To him more
than any other writer is the Pert Royal logic (La Logique, ok Part de Penser, 1668) to be attributed. Others of his works are: Popetuite de la Rd; Les Vi,sionnaires; Essais de Morale, in 6 volumes, 2 published posthumously; his philosophical reputation rests mainly on the essays and logic. Personally, he was a man of great humility and modesty, and was so far front seeking public applause that in more than eine instance he did not deny the belief that a work of his own was written by others of the Port Royal brotherhood. He labored incessantly in his chosen work till. worn out by the controversy which was so little suited to his natural disposition, in 1693 he was compelled by increasing illness to desist, and 2 years afterwards was followed to his grave by the most distinguished men of his time.