MIIXDEN', or .MOUKDEN, in lat. 41° 50' 30" n., long. 123' 87' e., the capital of Sheng king, the chief province of Manchuria. Its Chinese name is Tungtien-feo. signifying affluent capital, a translation of the Manchu Moukden, meaning flourishing. It lies on a branch of the river Liao, about 500 m. n.e. of Peking. The is surrounded by a wall about 10 in. in circumference, including an inner wall 3 m. in circuit, inclosi lig the emperor's summer residence. Great pains have been taken by the emperors to enlarge and beautify tins the metropolis of the Manchu race, but with only partial success. The fancily residence and place of sepulture of the founders of the reigning dynasty is Hing king, about. 60 m. e. of Mukden. It is pleasantly situated in a mountain valley near the palisade which separates the province from Kirin. The emperor Kienlung rendered himself celebrated among his subjects, and the city of Mukdeu better known abroad by a poetical eulogy upon the city and province, which was printed in 64 different forms of Chinese writing. In 1631 Mukden became the seat of government of the Manchu
emperors, and is now the seat of several superior tribunals of a Chinese viceroy of the first rank. Nineteen leagues from Mukden is its port, Niuchwang, or Newehwang (more correctly known as Ying-tz, i.e., "camp" or "military station"), which has been opened recently to foreign commerce. It is shallow, difficult of access, and daring many months of the year closed by ice. Pulse, cattle, and drugs are its chief exports. The trade with Great Britain is steadily developing, and forms already about one-third of the whole. According to the consular reports for 1375, the total value of the exports for that year amounted to £895,000 (only £13,300 for foreign ports); the total value of im ports was £941,500 (£580,000 from foreign countries). Coll and iron are worked in the province, and are beginning to find a market in Newell wang.