PAPPENHEIM, GOTTFRIED HEINRICH, Count von, an imperial gen. of great note is the thirty years' war, was b. at Pappenheim, in middle Franconia, Bavaria, May 29, 1594, of a very ancient Swabian family, in which the dignity of marshal of the empire' became hereditary about the 13th or 14th c., and many of whose members had greatly distinguished themselves in the wars of the middle ages. When about 20 years of age, Pappenheim went over to the Roman Catholic church, and thenceforth signalized him self by his fiery zeal in its cause. After serving under the king of Poland in his wars. with the Russians and Turks, Pappenheim joined the army of the Catholic league, and in the battle of Prague (1620) stayed the flight of the Austrian cavalry, and by a well timed and furious charge turned the tide of battle against the Bohemians. In 1623 he' received from the emperor the command of a cavalry regiment of the famous " Pappen heimer dragoons;" and in 1625 became gen. of the Spanish horse in Lombardy; but in. 1626 re-entered the Austrian service, and after suppressing a dangerous revolt of the peasants of Upper Austria, in which 40,000 'of the peasants perished, he joined the army which was opposed to the Protestant league, and, in association with carried on many campaigns against the Danes, Swedes, and Saxons. It was Pappenheim who
urged and induced Tilly to take Magdeburg by assault, and himself led and directed the. attack. Moreover, it is he, rather than Tilly, who was to blame for the ferocious mas sacres which followed. His reckless bravery involved Tilly, against his will, in the dis astrous battle of Breitenfeld ; but to some extent lie retrieved his character by his stren uous efforts to remedy the loss, and protect the retreat of the army. After Tilly's death,. he was associated with Wallenstein, who detached him with eight regiments to protect Cologne. but on hearing of the advance of Gustavus, sent an urgent regiments for his return.. Pdppenheim arrived at LtItzen at the moment when Wallenstein's army was on the point of being completely routed, and at the head of his cuirassiers, charged the left wing of the Swedes, throwing it into confusion, and almost changing the fortune of the battle by his extraordinary bravery. He was mortally wounded in the last charge, and died a. few hours afterwards at Leipsic, Nov. 7, 1632, with a smile on his countenance, after learning that Gustavus Adolphus had died before him. "God be praised)" he said; "L can go in peace, now that that mortal enemy of the Catholic faith has had to die before. me."