ORANGE (the ancient Arausio), an ill-built, decaying, and dirty, but also an inter esting town of France, in the department of Vaucluse, stands in a beautiful plain on the left bank of the Aigue, 16 m. by railway n. of Avignon. Its chief manufactures are silks, muslins, serges, etc.; and there are numerous oil-works, dve-works, and tanneries. It carries on a considerable trade in wine, spirits, oils, truffles, saffron, honey, madder, and essences. Pop. '76, 6,782.
Orange was the capital of a small independent principality of the same name (now comprised in the department of Vauciuse), which was ruled by its own sovereigns from 11th to the 16th century. The last of these sovereigns, Philihert de Chalons, died in 1531 without issue. His sister. however, had married a count of Nassau, and to that ihouse the estates and titles passed. The count of Nassau who obtained the principality of Orange was William, the father of William I., the stadtholdar of the United Provinces (see Wii.mam. mirxcE OF ORANGE). William III., prince of Orange and king of England, having died in 1702 without issue. there began a long-continued controversy as to the succession between Frederick I. of Prussia (as grandson of one of the last princes of Orange), the representative of the older branch of the house of Nassau (q.v.), and the head of the younger line. At the peace of Utrecht (1713) the king of Prussia took the settlement into his own hands, so far as the territory of Orange was concerned, by making for certain equivalents, to the king of France. The title, prince of Orange, remained with the younger Nassau line, afterwards kings of the Netherlands, and is now borne by the heir-presumptive to the Dutch throne.
In the vicinity of Orange arc several notable Roman remains. The triumphal arch, 00 ft. high, is celebrated for the beauty of its architecture, and for its richly sculptured bassi-rilieti. Of the theater, the remains are sufficiently entire to give a good idea of the arrangements of this institution as it existed among the Romans.
ORANGE,a township in New .Jersey, United States, four m. n.w. of Newark, contain- 1 ing three villages, Orange, North Orange, and South Orange. Orange mountain com
mands a noble view of NewYork city and bay, and its slope is•laid out in beautiful parks, and ornamented with villas. It is the site of a Roman Catholic college and a water-cure establishment. Pop. '70, (ante), a city in Essex co., N. J., primarily the name given in honor of the prince of Orange to a pleasant village w. of Newark, which, since its intersection by what is now the Morris and Essex divisiron of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad, has greatly increased in population and importance. A few years ago it was divided by legislative enactment into the city of Orange and the townships of East and West Orange. But, notwithstanding the separating influences that have been thus strengthened, a substantial unity binds the whole region together, which will probably constitute one large city at no distant day. It :muds on ground rising from the city of Newark by successive ridges to the summit of the Orange mountain, which is 650 ft. in height. The streets and avenues are laid out mostly at right angles and have Telford road beds, which afford about 60 m. of admirable drives. Llewellyn park, extending from the base to the summit of the mountain, contains 750 acres, 50 of which form a ramble for the common use of the residents, who now include about 50 families. There are 10 m. of drives through the park, kept in order by an annual contribution from each family. Eagle rock, at one extremity, affords a tine view of New York and its environs. The whole region, including South Orange, contains about 30 churches, nearly as many school organizations, seven stations of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroad, besides several of the Watchung road, a line of horse cars running to Newark, one national and two savings banks, the Park and Mansion House hotels, with elegant accommodations for boarders, several post-offices, an orphan asylum, hospital, Scion Hall (Roman Catholic college), and a large number of residences in vai ions styles of architecture, many of them elegant and tasteful. The total population of the city and towns is about 30,000.