Nearly all the states of Europe have produced trigonometrical surveys, many of them of great excellence as scientific works. All of these have been published, or are in course of publication, on convenient scales; generally smaller than one inch to a statute mile. The most important of these are: Austria and northern Italy, scale or g of an inch to a mile.
Bavaria, Baden, Wurtemberg, and the Hessen ors of an inch to a , mile.
or t of an inch to a mile.
Denmark, survey map in preparation.
, Iceland, surveyed and published on different scales.
France, or of an in. to a m.; and a reduction to p 0 or 5 m. to an inch.
Great Britain, 1 in., 6 in., and, in the lowland districts, 25 in. to a in. ; and the coast survey, general charts, 2k m. to an in.; harbors and bays, from 2 in. to 12 in. to a mile.
Hanover and e. Prussia, or of an in. to a mile.
Italy (see Sardina, Tuscany, etc.), survey maps of Naples, Rome, etc., in progress. Greece (French survey),„ or 4 m. to an inch.
Netherlands, or in. to.a mile.
Prussia, or of an in. to a in., and many smaller.
Russia, survey map in progress.
Sardinia, or of an in. to a mile.
Saxony, miaow or 11, in. to a mile.
Switzerland, or of an inch to a mile.
Spain and Portugal, surveys commenced.
Sweden and Norway, surveys in progress.
Tuscany, 200000 or about 3 in. to an inch.
The greatest extra European work of the kind is the Trigonometrical Survey of India, which was begun seventy years ago, and lths been conducted with great ability. The work is drawing to at close, but will still occupy several years. The maps are published on a scale of „ or f of an inch to a mile. In America, the coast survey of the
United States, a map of great accuracy and minute detail, has been going on for many years. The general charts are published on a scale of or t of an inch to a mile; the harbors and ports -.-ub31 or 3k of an inch to a mile. No systematic survey has yet been undertaken for tha interior of the country.
No portion of South America has been trigonometrically surveyed, except the repub lics of Peru and Chili, which are in progress.
The geological survey, thotigh under a different department of government (science and art), may be shortly noticed here. The English survey was begun in June, 1835, and has now been completed, with the exception of Cumberland, Yorkshire, Norfolk, and Cambridge. The Irish survey was begun in 1840, but was subsequently suspended till 1845. It is now completed in the counties of Dublin, Meath, Westmeath, Longford, Kildare, Queen's county, King's county, Carlow, Wicklow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Water ford, Cork, Tipperary, Kerry, Limerick, and Clare. In 1854 the survey was extended to Scotland, and now extends over the countiQs of Edinburgh, Haddington, Fife, Kin-.
ross, Linlithgow, Peebles, Lanark, Ayr, Renfrew, Dumbarton, Stirling, Perth, Wigton, Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, Selkirk, Berwick, and Roxburgh. The surveys are made on the 6.inch maps in the parts of the country where these exist; but the results are pub lished on the 1-inch scale only, except some of the coal-fields, which are issued also on the 6-inch scale. Besides the maps, sheets of sections, horizontal and vertical, with valuable memoirs, are also published.