ORLEANS, Louts PHILIPPE JOSEPH, Due d', b. April 13, 1747, was the great-grand son of the preceding. He possessed very good abilities; but early fell into the grossest debaucheries, in which 1,6 continued to the end of his career. Louis XVI. disliked him, on account of his debased character, and the queen for his obstrusiveness. He became gradually estranged from the court, sought popularity and obtained it, and embraced the cause of American independence. In the assembly of notables in 1787 he declared. against the ministeral proposals; and when the king sought to overcome the resistance of the parliament by a Lit de justice, he protested against the proceeding. On the assembly of the states-general, he took the popular side, and voted with the extreme left iu the national assembly; seeking at the same time, to please the populace by profuse expenditure, with the hope of being made lieut gen. of the kingdom, or perhaps of opening for himself a way to the throne. When the insurrectionary movements began in Paris in 1789, he promoted them by secret agents and money. The court sent him on an ostensibly diplomatic mission to England. from which lie returned after more than six mouths' absence, in July, 1790, and unscrupulously engaged in new intrigues hostile to the king. But he began to find that he himself was made the mere tool of a party, who availed themselves of his influence and wealth for their own purposes, and' this discovery cooled his revolutionary fervor. He withdrew from the Jacobin club, was reconciled to the king, and appeared at court; but was treated with such disrespect by the courtiers, that he turned away, and from that time followed in blind rage the stream of the revolution. He joined Danton's party, was concerned in insurrections, disclaimed.
all pretentious to the throne, renounced his titles, assumed the name of Philippe Egalite, was addressed as citizen Egalite, and was returned by the department of Seine and Marne to the national convention, in which he took his place among the mountain party. He voted for the Math of the king, being, it is said, himself threatened with death by the Jacobins if he should do otherwise, but alleging his sense of duty and his belief that every one who did anything contrary to the sovereignty of the people deserved death. The vote was received with a cry of disgust, and by no means increased the safety of his own position. The mountain party were dissatisfied with him, because he did not give up the whole of his immense wealth for party purposes. After the desertion of his son, the duke de Chartres (see LOUIS PHILIPPE), the decree for the imprisonment of all the Bourbons was applied to'llim. He was thrown into prison with his family in Mar seille, and was brought before the tribunal of the department of Bouches de Rhone on a charge of high treason. He was acquitted, hut the committee of public safety immedi ately brought him before the revolutionary tribunal in Paris; and on Nov. 6, 1793 he was condemned, and on the same day executed amidst the execrations.of the multitude which had so often applauded him.