OUDINOT, ClIATILES NICOLAS, Duke of and Marshal of France, was b. at Bar-le-Due, in the department of Meuse, France, April 25, 1767. At the age of 17, be entered the army hut returned home after three years' service. Having distinguished himself in 1790 by suppressing a popular insurrection in his native district, he was, after some volunteer service, Nov. 1793, raised to the rank of chief of brigade, in the fourth regiment of the line, and distinguished himself in various actions with the Prussians and Austrians. He was wounded and taken prisoner before Mannheim, by the Austrians, but was soon exchanged and served in the armies of tile Rhine under Moreau, and in that of Switzerland under i\Iassena. He was promoted to be general of division (APril 12, 1799), and for a daring capture of a battery at Pozzola, was presented by the first consul with is salter of honor and the cannon which he had taken. In 1805 he received the grand cress of the Legion of Honor, and about the same time received the command of ten battalions of the reserve, afterwardwknown as the "grenadiers Oudinot." At the head of this corps he did good service in the Austrian campaign. He was present at Austerlitz and Jena, and gained the battle of Ostrolinka (Feb. 16, 1807), for which he was rewarded with the title of count, and a large 'sum of money. He greatly contrib uted to the success of the French at. Friedland, and was presented by Napoleon to the Czar Alexander as the "Bayard of the French army, the -knight sans pear et sans reprache." He sustained his now brilliant reputation in the second Austrian campaign of 1809, and ou July 12 was created marshal of France, and on Ang, 15, duke of Reggio. In 1810 he was charged with the occupation of Holland, and by his unswerving probity and attractive personal qualities, drew the esteem of all classes. He was engaged in the disastrous Russian campaign, and subsequently took part in the various battles of 1813 between the French and the Russians and Austrians. He was one of the last to abandon
Napoleon, but he did so forever, and spent the period known as the " hundred days" on his own estates. At the second restoration he became a minister of state, commander in-chief of the royal guard and of the national guard, and was created a peer of France, grand cross or St. Louis, etc. In 1823 lie commanded the first division of the army of Spain, and was for some time governor of Madrid. After the revolution of July 1830, Oudinot retired to his estates, and only at rare intervals presented himself in the chum-' her of peers. He became grand chancellor of the Legion of Honor in May, 1839, sue. ceeded marshal Moncey as governor of the Invalides in Oct. 1842, and died at Paris Sept. 13, 1847. A statue was erected in his honor at Bar. Sept. 29, 1850.—Ilis son, CHARLES NICOLAS-VICTOR OUD1NO•, duke of Reggio (born Nov. 3, 1791), was a general in the French army. Ile first distinguished himself in Algeria, and in the revolution of 1848—having previously distinguished himself as a deputy (184'26) by his athnirable talent for dealing with questions affecting the comfort and discipline of the soldiery—he was chosen commander-in-chief of the army of the Alps. In April 1849. he was appointed general of the French expedition against Rome, and forced the city to surren der unconditionally on July 1, in spite of the heroic resistance of the republican triton virs—Gariba:di, Mazzini, and Stall. Ile was, however, not a Napoleonist, and at the coup (Pettit, Dee. 2, 1851, shared the fate of every eminent general who would not violate his oath to obey the constitution—i. e., he was arrested and imprisoned. lie was soon set at liberty and lived in retirement until his death in 1863. Oudiuot wrote several books on military matters.