PALMERSTON, Viscount, 'HENRY JOHN TEAIRLE, an English politician, was born at the Linily mansion, Broadlands, near Romsey, Hants, Oct. 20, 1784. The Temples are of• Saxon prigin, and the family claim .descent from Edwyn, who was deprived of the (:i•ldom of Mcrcia by the Conqueror, and lost his life it) defending himself against the :Normans in 1071. Sir W. Temple, the diplomatist and patron of Swift, was a member a this family, which removed to Ireland in the time of Elizabeth. The family was ennobled t722, when Henry Temple was created a peer of Ireland with the dignities of Laron Temple and viscount Palmerston. His grandson, the scond viscount, father of the present peer, superintended his son's education at Broadlands, and then sent him to Harrow. Palmerston afterwards went to the university of Edinburgh, where lie attend ed the prelections of Dugald Stewart and other professors. He next matriculated at St. John's .college, Cambridge, whence he was summoned to attend the deathbed of his father, on whose decease, in 1805. Palmerston succeeded to the title. His eminent abilities were early recognized, for he was scarcely of age when the Tory party in the university selected him (180t5)as their candidate to succeed Mr. Pitt in the representation. The late marquis of Lansdowne was the Whig candidate; and lord Byron, then at Cam bridge, in his Hours of Idleness, evinces the interest he took in the election. Palmerston was unsuccessful, and again in 1807. He entered parliament, however; in the same year for the borough of I\ ewport, his colleague being Arthur Wellesley, then chief sec retary of Ireland. In 1811, he exchanged 'Newport for the university of Cambridge, enjoyed the distinction of representing his alma mater for 20 years, and only lost his seat when he became a member of the Grey administration, and supported the reform bill. For the last two years of the unreformed parliament, he sat for the now extinct borough of Bletchingly. At the first election after the reform act he was returned for South Hampshire, but lost his seat at the general election of 1835. He immediately afterwards found a seat for the borough of Tiverton, which he promised never to leave as long as the electors would permit him to represent them. Having traced his representative, we now turn to his official career. Palmerston entered life as a member of the Tory party, and accepted the office of secretary at war in the duke of Portland's administration in 1809. This office he held during the successive governments of Mr. Perceval, the earl of Liverpool, Mr. Canning, lord Goderich, and the duke of Wellington—a period extend ing from 1809 to 1828. There wasample scope at the war-office for Palmerston's adm Nrative talents and activity. Our military system swarmed with abuses, and the labor thrown upon the secretary at war during the peninsular campaign was prodigious. In 1817, an attempt was made to assassinate Palmerston by an insane army-lieutenant, named Davis, who fired a pistol at him as lie was entering the Horse guards, the bullet, however, only inflicting a slight wound. Palmerston early attached himself to the Can ning section of the Liverpool administration, and he accepted a scat in the cabinet of Mr. Canning. His official connection with the Tory party ceased in 1828, when the "great duke" insisted on accepting Mr. Huskisson's resignation, which was followed by Palmerston's retirement. The duke's government was swept away in the reform flood of 1830; and earl Grey, who became prime minister. offered the seals of the foreign office to Palmerston. The European horizon was so disturbed at this crisis that a great political declared that if an angel from heaven were in the foreign office, he could not preserve peace for three months. Palmerston falsified the prediction, Louis Philippe then filled the throne of France; and for the first time on record, England and France acted in concert, and without jealousy, under Palmerston's foreign ministiy. Ile took a leading part in effecting the independence of Belgium, and in establishing the thrones of queen Isabella of Spain and queen Maria of Portugal on a constitutional basis. In '1841 Palmerston went out of office with the Whigs on the question of free trade in corn; but on their return in 1846, he resumed the seals of the foreign office. his second
foreign administration furnished various-subjects of hostile party criticism, among which may be mentioned d; civil war in Switzerland, the Spanish marriages, the European revolutions in 1848, the rupture of diplomatic relations between Spain and Great Britain, and, finally, the affair of Don Pacifico and the quarrel with Greece. A vote of censure on the foreign policy of the government was, in 1850, carried in the house of lords on the motion of lord Stanley (afterwards earl of Derby). A counter-resolution, approving the foreign policy of the government, was thereupon moved by 311.. Roebuck in the lower house. The debate lasted four nights. In a speech of five hours' duration—• that speech," said sir Robert Peel, "which made us all so proud of him "—Palmerston entered upon a manly and dignified vindication of his foreign policy; and Mr. Roebuck's motion was carried by a majority of 40. In December, 1851, the public were startled at the news that Palmerston was no longer a member of the Russell cabinet. He had expressed his approbation of the coup fretat of Louis Napoleon, without consulting either the premier or the queen; and, as explanations were refused, her majesty exer cised her right of dismissing her minister. Palmerston avenged himself, as soon as parliament met, by shattering the Russell administration to pieces on a comparatively trilling question regarding the militia. Ile refused an offer from the earl of Derby to join tne government which he was commissioned to form. but accepted the post of home secretary in the coalition administration of the earl of Aberdeen in 1852. The fall of this government, on Mr. Roebuck's motion for a Sebastopol committee, placed Palmer ston in his 71st year in the position of prime minister, to which he was unanimously c tiled by the voice of the nation. Ho vigorously prosecuted the Russian war until S istopol was taken, and pence was made. His government was defeated in March, 1857, on Mr. Cobden's motion, condemnatory of the Chinese war. Parliament was dis solved. and met the house of cominons with a large majority. But his a ?ministration fell in Feb., 1858, upon the conspiracy bill, intended to protect the French emperor against the machinations of plotting refugees. A short conservative administration followed; but in June, 1859, Palmerston was again called to the post of first lord of the treasury, which he continued to fill up to his death. It was his ambition to be considered the minister of a nation rather than the minister of a political party; and his opponents have been constrained to admit that he held office with more general acceptance than any.English Minister since the time of the great lord Chatham. As an orator, he was usually homely and unpretending, but always sensible and practical. He was a dexterous tactician, and a ready, witty, and often brilliant debater. He was popu lar as a minister, because he was thoroughly English in his ends and aims. Even his robust health, manly bearing, and physical vigor were elements of hispopnlarity, because they were regarded as a glorification of the English sports, which he was never ashamed to patronize. He desired nothing so ardently as to promote the wealth and grandeur of Great Britain, and his national character and national spirit were thoroughly appreciated by his countrymen. He married, in 1839, the widow of the fifth earl of Cowper, daughter of the first viscount Melbourne. As he died without issue, and his only brother died unmarried, the title became extinct on Palmerston's decease, Oct. 18. 1865. See Life of Palmerston by sir Henry Lytton Bulwer (Lord Hailing), continued by Evelyn Ashley.
a name given to many large kinds of grub, the larvae of coleopter ous insects, destructive to vegetable substances of various kinds. It is used in the Eng lish version of the Old Testament as the translation of the Hebrew garcia, rendered kampe by the Septuagint, which modern Hebrew writers and others very generally regard as a kind of locust, although more probably it is either the grub of a coleop terons or the caterpillar of a lepidopterous insect.—See Ditto in Pictorial Bible, on Joel i. 4.
are much used by anglers on the English streams, and are at certain seasons excellent lures for trout, etc.
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