PAMPHYLIA, anciently a countryon the s. coast of Asia tMinor, with Cilicia on the e. and Lycia on the w. It was originally bounded on the inland or northern side by mount Taurus, but afterward enlarged so as to reach the confines of Phrygia. Pam phylia is mountainous, was formerly well wooded. and had numerous maritime cities. The inhabitants—a mixed race of aborigines, Cilieians. and Greek colonists—spoke a language the basis of which was probably Greek, but which was disfigured and corrupted by the infusion of barbaric elements. Their coins show that they had adopted to some extent the religion. arts, and games of time Hellenic race. Its political history is unim portant. Along with Phrygia and'Eycia it fell to the share of Antigorms on the partition of time Macedonian empire. It afterwards passed successively into the hands of the Grzeco-Syrian princes, the kings of Pergamus, and the Romans.
PAN, among the Greeks, the chief god of pastures, forests, and flocks. The later rationalizing mythologists, misconceiving the meaning of his name, which they con founded with to pan, " the whole," or "Ilse universe," whereas it is more probably con nected with pad (Lat. paseo), " to feed," " to pasture;" represented him as a personification' of the universe, but there is absolutely nothing in the myth to warrant such a notion. Pan, neither in his genius nor his history, figures as one of the great principal deities, and his worship became general only at a comparatively late period, He was, according to the most common belief. a son of Hermes (Mercury) by the daughter of Dryops; or by Penelope, the wife of Ulysses; while other accounts make Penelope the mother, hut Ulysses himself time father—though the paternity of the god is also ascribed to the HUM crous wooers of Penelope in common. Theoriginal scat of his worship was the wild hilly and wooded solitudes of Arcadia, whence it gradually spread over the rest of Greece, but was not introduced into Athens until after the battle of Marathon. Homer does not
mention him. From his very birth his appearance was peculiar. He came into the world with horns, a goat's beard, a crooked nose, pointed ears, a tail, and goat's feet; and so• frightened his mother that she ran off for fear, but his father, Hermes; carried him to Olympus, where all the gods, especially Dionysus (Bacchus), were charmed with the little monster. When he grew up he had a grim shaggy aspect, and a terrible voice, which bursting abruptly on the car of the traveler in solitary places—for pan was fond of making a great noise—inspired him with a sudden fear (whence the word prat.). It is even related that the alarm excited by his blowing upon a shell decided the victory of the gods over the Titans. Ile was the patron of all persons occupied in the care of cattle and of bees, in hunting and in fishing. the heat of the day he used to take a 11f1 p in the deep woods or on the lonely hillsides, and was exceedingly wroth if his slumber was disturbed by the halloo of the hunters. He is also represented as fond of music, and of dancing with the forest nymphs, and as the inventor of the syrinx or shepherd's flute, also called Pan's pipe. Cows, goats, lambs, milk, honey, and new wine were offered to him. The fir-tree was sacred to him, and he had sanctuaries and temples in various parts of Arcadia, at Troczene, at Sicyon, at Athens, etc. The Romans identified the Greek Pan with their own Italian god Inuus, and sometimes also with Murns. See FAUX.
When, after the establishment of Christianity, the heathen deities were degraded by the church into fallen angels, the characteristics of Pan—viz., the horns, thegoat's beard, the pointed ears, the crooked nose, the tail, and the goat's feet—were transferred to the devil himself, and thus the " auld hornic" of popular superstition is simply Pau in disguise.