PANSLAVI811. This term is applied to the movement lately set on foot, and gen erally ascribed to Russian influence, for the amalgamation of all races of Slavonic descent into one body, having one language, one literature, and one social polity. The writings of Adam Gurowski and Kollar, and the anonymous pamphlet which appeared at Leipsic in 1837, under the title of Die Europaische Pentarchie, have exercised a very widespread influence in this direction among all the Slavonic people of the German states; and although the other nations of Europe have hitherto had no reason to antici• pate any practical results from a movement towards PanslaviSm, the Slavonians of the Austrian empire have always taken occasion to show that they regarded themselves as standing apart from German interests in times of public disturbance. Thus, in 1848, instead of taking part with their fellow-citizens in the election of representatives to the German parliament at Frankfort, the leading promoters of Panslavisin summoned a Slavonic congress at Pragne,v;hich was attended by Slavonians from Bohemia,. Moravia,
and Silesia, and by Slavonic Poles, Croats, Servians, and Dalmatians, who appeared iu their national costumes. The impracticability of the grand schemes promulgated in the manifestoes of the conclave had been sufficiently shown ere the congress was inter rupted by a democratic rebellion, which was suppressed with much bloodshed. Since 1860, when questions of nationality began to come more into the foreground, Panshiv ism has exercised some direct influence on Austrian affairs: both northern and southern Slays tending toward united action in opposition to the centralistic and dualistic aims of Germans and Magyars respectively. In 1867 a great Slavonic congress was held at Mos cow without result. Panslavistic tendencies contributed to the great changes that took place in 1877-78 in the Balkan peninsula.