PAWNELL, CfrartLEs STEWART, b. Ireland, 1847; of an aristocratic family, of whose connections was the poet Parnell. lie inherited the estate of Avondale, in Wick low, Ireland; was educated at Harrow school, England, and Magdalen college, Cam bridge. Mr. Parnell's mother is the daughter of admiral Stewart—" Old Ironsides " who commanded the U. S. frigate Constitution daring the war of 1812. In 1876 lie entered parliament from Meath, and has continued a member to 1851, being last elected to represent the city of Cork. Ile has displayed remarkable ability both as a parliament ary debater and tactician, and as an organizer in the interest of the Irish "home-rule" party. Ile identified himself with the of Ireland in their struggles with absenteeism and high rents, and was chiefly instrumental in forming and sustaining the "Land League " of 1879-80. Justin McCarthy said of him in his History of Our 011'74 Times: " Mr. Butt had been failing in physical power and in influence for some time.
His place as a leader had long been practically disputed by Mr. Parnell, and was evi dently about to be taken by him. Mr. Parnell, a young man but lately come into par liamen1;soon proved lihnself the most remarkable politician who had arisen on the field of Irish polities since the day when John Mitchell was conveyed away from Dublin to Bermuda." In the beginning oF. Jan., 1880, Mr. Parnell made a visit to the United States with the design of interesting the Irish-American population in the cause of the land league. He failed in producing the effect which he had anticipated, and being opposed by the press, was obliged to return home chagrined and defeated. He became virulent and bitter iu his public addresses in Ireland, and appeared desirous of foment ing disorder: Posibly, however, to him may be attributed much of the influence which brought about the introduction of the Irish land act into parliament by Mr. Gladstone, in April, 1881.