PE'LOPS, in Greek mythology, the grandson of Zeus, and the sou of Tantalus, was slain by his father, and served imp at an entertainment which he gave to the gods, in order to test their omniscience. They were not deceived, and would not touch the horrible food; but Ceres, being absorbed with grief for the loss of her daughter, alp part of a shoulder without observing. The gods then commanded the members to be thrown into a caldron, out of which Clotho brought the boy again alive, And the want of the shoulder was supplied by an ivory one. According to the legend most general in later times, Pelops was a Phrygian, who, being driven by Ilos from Sipylos, came with great treasures to the peninsula, which derived from him the name of Peloponnesus. married Hippodainia, obtained her father's kingdom by conquering him in a chariot-race, and became the father of Atreus, Thyestes, and other sons. But, in what appear to be the oldest traditions, he is represented as a Greek, and not as a foreigner. lie was said to have revived the Olympic games, and was particularly honored at Olympia.
PELOUZE,•JuLus, 1807-67; b. France; completed his chemical studies under Guy Lussac, became professor of chemistry in 1830, and in 1831 associate lecturer with Lussac on chemistry in Paris at the polytechnic school, and in 1833 assayer at the mint. In 1836 he joined Liebig in Germany, and was associated with him in the dis covery of mnanthic ether. On ins return to Paris he was professor at the polytechnic school; in 1851 was called to till a chair at the college of France. He is credited with the discovery of a new class of salts, the nitro-sulphates; a new and improved inoix of forming copper-plate; the discovery of green cyanuret of iron; new means for simplify ing the manufacture of glass; the discovery of the law of pyrogenous acids; a process for the fabrication of tannin; exhaustive analyses of the composition of beet sugar; the mode of producing fat from glycerine and an acid; the discovery of the preparation of gun cotton; and numerous other useful discoveries.