The public debt, Dec. 1, 1874, was $24,508,635, of which $24,371,884 were funded, and $190.751 unfunded. The total receipts during the year were: $5,871,968; expenditures. $6,642,567; balance. $1,054.551. The sources of revenue in 1874 were: from taxation of corporations, $3,811.669 (including direct taxes. $2,936,509; and interest on bonds, etc., $815,100); from taxes on the people. $2,060,299 (including licenses, $811,803). In the same year the true value of real and personal estate was estimated at *3,425,325,415, and the taxable property ot $4,300,619,558. The U. S. internal revenue from Pennsylvania for the fiscal year ending June 30; 1880, amounted to $6,863,928.82; derived: from spir Its, $1,804,803.54; from tobacco, $3,322,644.39; from fermented Editors, 41,299.968.25: from banks and hankers, 4366,468.40; and from collections not otherwise provided for, $4,979.23. Nov. 1, 1874, there were reported a total of 205 national banks, with a paid. in capital of 158,910,240, an outstanding circulation of $42,092,711; and 115 state and savings banks, with resources amounting to $05,782,021; paid-in capital Mock, $8,370. 169; deposits, $20,961,262; and liabilities of $35,782,021. The total amount paid in 1873 for tire and marine insurance was $15,601,717, and for life insurance, 18,016,236.—(For latest statistics see appendix.) The present public school system dates from the year 1834, and under the new con stitution is supervised by the superintendent of public instruction, who appoints two deputies, 66 county, and 26 city superintendents (exclusive of Philadelphia) elected by the school directors, of which there are 6 for each district, elected by the people, with power to levy and collect taxes, build and furnish school-houses, employ and pay teach ers, etc. The annual state appropriation is constitutionally not less than $1,000.000. The school age is from 6 to 21. The following are the official statistics for the year end ing June 1, 1880: Number of districts, 2,192; number of schools, 16,585; number of pupils attending, 770,349; average attendance, 509,246, percentage, .80; average length of school term, in months, 6.25; average cost of tuition, per month, for each pupil, 74' cents; number of teachers, male, 0,654, female, 9,650; average salaries, male, $31 36, female, $25.14, per month; cost of tuition, $3,506,011.82; fuel, etc., $1,584,365.92; pur chases, rents, repairs, etc., $809,496.51. Total expenditure for the tuition, fuel, and houses, 45,899,874.25; average number of mills on the dollar: school lax, 5 04; building tax, 2.99; amount of tax levied, $4,818,594.36, total of tax and state appropriation, *6,576,308.19. (See PHMADELPIIIA.) Valuation of school property, 125.467,097. Of the 12 normal school districts created by law, 10 are supplied with normal Echools, of which the following are the summarized official particulars (1880): Number of teachers, 123; of students, 2,900; of graduates, 263. Income (with state appropriation of $100, 000), $328.557.52; expenditure, $324,800.05. Valuation of property, $1,266,395.77. Teachers' institutes were held in 69 districts, continued 347 (lays, attended by 12.573 teachers, 2,158 directors, by an average number of 18,145 spectators, and 450 lecturers and instructors.
Tire railroads, wilds, and telegraphs operated in the state are under the supervision of the secretary of internal affairs, whose report for the year 1879 furnishes the following particulars. The two largest railroad corporations are the Philadelphia and Reading, and the Pennsylvania railroad, the former of which had 1379.8 m. aggregate length of main line, branches, leased roads, siding, and other track, making, with 310 m. additional track, a total of 1689.8 while the latter bad a total length of main line, branches, leased roads, .sidings, and other track, of 1975.89 m., of which 1953.78 were in Pennsyl
vania. There were in•the state 152 railroads,. 38 passenger railroads, 8 canals, and 7 telegraph companies. The 152 railroads had authorized capital stock amounting to 4530,587,154, of which $503,631,034 were paid in, a funded and floating debt of $556, 96'9,834.89; their cost and equipment amounted to $565,029,919.35, representing an average of $3,292,141.23 of construction, and of $466,474.55 of equipment per mile: their real estate, exclusive of railway, was valued at $33,100,480.02. The total length of the main lines, branches; and leased roads was 14,313.11 m.; the total number of miles operated, 15,011.89. Passenger trains ran a total of 24,017,213; freight trains, 58,662, 775, and coal trams, 14,484,625 miles. ' The rolling stock embraced 3,864 engines, 1698 first class, and 520 second class passenger cars, 773, baggage, mail, and express cars. and 157,759 freight cars. They carried 41,583,552 passengers, 31,440,789 tons through freight, and a gross amount of 111,729,809 tons. The amount of freight embraced: of anthracite coal. 33,815,096; of bituminous coal, 23,427,682; of. petroleum, etc., 4,567,155; of pig-iron, 2,690,739; of railroad iron, 955,219; of other iron, 1,840,741; of iron and other ores, 4,939,433; of stone and lime, 2,2d9,583; of agricultural products, 10,246,567; of merchan dise and manufactures, 6,227,619; of live stock, 1,122,976; of lumber, 3,730,570, and of other articles, 9,62:5,668 tons. The receipts were: passengers, $22,466,638.41; freight, $91,276,627.08; mail and express. $4,760,408.99; miscellaneous, $11,081,164.41; total, 4128,984,838.82. The expenses were; on account of roads and equipment, 43,009,853.74; maintenance of way and buildings. $22,183,259.09; motive power and cars, 414,088. 342.74; miscellaneous, $39,419,605.07; total, $75,731,288.67. The total number of per sons killed was 553, injured, 158. The 38 passenger railroads had authorized capital stock of $18,225,200, of which $7,773,476.05 were paid in, a floating and funded debt of $3,506,692.93. Their cost and equipment amounted to $10,307,320.77; their total length was 344,91 in.; their rolling stock consisted of 1185 first class, 187 second class passenger, and 127 other cars; their horses, 8,206; and their real estate, exclusive of roadway, was valued at $2,958,877.64;'they carried 102.332.745 passengers, the cost of maintenance amounted to $243,945.22, and of operating the roads to $3,037,605.86; total, $3,281,551.08. The number of accidents was 5 killed. 24 injured.
The canals are the Delaware and Hudson, 108 in.; Delaware division, 60 m.; Lehigh, 48 m.; Monongahela, 83-85 tn.; Money, t; Pennsylvania. 333; Schuylkill, 108.23; Suscne• Manna, 54; and Union, 78. The canal reports show that the companies had an authorized' capital stock of $10,307,850, paid In, $47,309,872; a funded debt of 153.679,837, and a floating debt of $410,767.28; the cost of canals and fixtures was $88,355,446.24; and their real est.tte, exclusive of canals, was.valued at $343,095. The gross amount of tonnage was 4,493,455. The expense of maintenance was $560.551.69, and of operating, $402, 361.81; total, $933,123.50; tire total receipts were $2,878,523.48. The freight moved embraced: of lumber, of coal, anthracite, 3,565,029; bituminous, 2,330,591; and of iron, pig, 54,602; railroad, 28,257; other iron or castings, 102,525 tons. The 7 tele graph lines, with an authorized capital stock of $44,201,410. paid in, $44,543,710, and a total of floating and funded debt of $6,477,777.40, had a total expenditure in the state of $307.882.58, and total receipts in the state of $383,010.06.