PEPS. Three Neapolitans of this name have played an important part in history. The first of these was GABRIELE PEPfi, who was b. in 1781 at Bojano,•in the present province of Molise, Italy, and was a student of law in 1799, when. on the proclamation of the Parthenopean republic, he took service in the Franco-Neapolitan army, and was consequently exiled on the fall of the new government. Subsequently he served in the Italian legion in the French army under king Joseph in Spain with great distinction, and with Murat. In 1815 he was raised by the latter to the rank of col., a grade con firmed by Ferdinand I., who gave him the command of a province, and afterwards of the garrison of Syracuse. He espoused with great z•al the cause of the revolutionary party..in 1820, and was deputed to the national parliament. On the downfall of the con stitutional government he was seized by the Austrians, and imprisoned at ()Mintz, in ,Moravia; but was released at the end of two years, and retired to Tuscany; where, feel ing hurt at some remarks of 31. de Lamartine, then ditnye-d'a.ff'aires in that country, on Italian patriotism. he in turn wielded the pen in defense of his countrymen with such severity that a duel resulted between him and the poet, followed by an apology from the latter. From this time he took no part in political affairs, but devoted himself to science and literature, and died at Bajano, Aug., 1849.—His cousin, GUGLIEL510 PIPE, b. 1782 at Squillace, was a man Of equal note. After serving in the French army of Catalonia, and attaining to high rank and honor, he returned. to Naples to support ,Murat; and after the flight of that chief, was one of the leaders of the "Muralist" party, vet, after the restoration, the Bourbon Ferdinand allowed him to retain his honors. Pepe rendered valuable services in rooting out (1818) the nests of brigands who infested the provinces of Avellino and Foggia, and after the insurrection of 1820 was for some months the most influential man in Naples; but, after his defeat by the Austrians at Rieti. Mar. 7, 1821, he was forced to flee the country, and took refuge in Spain, whence
he retired to England, where he lived many years, afterwards removing to Paris. In 1848, on the proclamation of an armistice, he returned to Naples, welcomed with enthu siasm by the people and the court; and the king, constrained by the public voice, gave •him the command of the Neapolitan contingent which was sent to aid the Lombards against Austria; but after the suppression of revolution in Naples (May 15), Pepe was ordered to return and put down the insurgents of Calabria. Disregarding these orders, ;Pepe, with as many of the Neapolitans as would adhere to him (2000 men), devoted 104 energies to the defense of Venice, of whose army he had been elected commander-in chief. His prudence and courage, joined to an untiring energy, enabled him greatly to retard the operations of the Austrians; but the force under his command was ill-suited for effecting anything of importance. Ilis most remarkable exploit was the sortie he effected in person (Oct., 1849) from the citadel of Marghcra. After the fall of Venice, Pepe tied to Corfu on board a French ship, and subsequently returned to Paris. Ile had, however, an antipathy to France, and speedily removed to Turin, where he died, Aug. 9, 1855. Ile has left several works, the chief of which are: Relation des Evene ments Politiques et .211ilitaires (le Naples en 1820 et 1821 (Paris, 1822, in Italian and French), and Histoire des Revolutions et des Guerres en 1S47, 1848, et 1849 (Paris, 1850). A statue of him has been erected in Turin.—His elder brother, FLORESTANO PEPP. (b. 1780, d. 1851), was also a Muratist, but submitted to Ferdinand. He was a mild and concil iatory, but feeble liberal.