We have only been able to indicate, in the slightest of outlines, the principal features of Philo's theology and philosophy, without endeavoring to follow any one of the manifold systematic schemes into which his scattered half-obscure dicta have been pressed. The influence Philo has exercised upon Christianity and Judaism (in the later writings of which his name occurs as " Yedidyah the Alexandrine") is enormous, and the various articles in the course of this work (GNOSTICISM, JEWS, Locos, etc.) dwell more or less upon this point. What he has done for the development of philosophy, is discussed under that head, and in the articles PLATO, NEOPLATONISM, etc. Of the many works left under his name, several have been declared spurious, but in some cases. without much show of nelson. his writings are generally brought under three chief divisions, the first of which comprises those of a more general and metaphysical nature, such an De Nandi hicorroptibilitate, Quad Otnais Probug Liber, De Vita Contemplatira. The second con tains those written in defense of his compatriots, Adrerszts Flaccum, Legatio ucl Cilium, De Nobilitate. The third and most important is devoted to the interpretation and expla nation of Scripture in the philosophical manner indicated, De ifundi Legis goriarum LibJi I1I.; containing also a number of special treatises; De Circumeigione, Ds Honarehia, De Prtenziis Sacerdotum, Dc Pogteritate Caini, De Cherubim, etc.; five books
Oa the History of Abraham, De Jogepho, Vita Nos-is, De Cordate, De nenitentiii, etc. ; to which also belong De Parentibus Colendig, De Virtute eiusque Partibus, first published by A. Mal; and certain very doubtful fragments, first discovered in an Armenian transla tion, such as De Pvoridentia and De Animalibug, etc. Many of Ins works, however, seem irredeemably lost. The edible prineeps by Turnebus, dates NHS, 1352; reprinted Geneva, 1013; Paris, 1640; etc. Mangey published a more critical edition (Loud. 1742, 2 vols. fol.), and Richter a slightly improved 0110 (Leip. 1828-30, 8 vols.). An edition of Pfeiffer (1785, etc.) remained incomplete. Another edition was published by Tauchnitz (1851, etc.). As yet, there are several cold. in the Escurial, in Rome, in St. Peters burg, which have never been collated, and which promise, to judge from the few read ings known, to furnish an immense help for that really critical edition, which as yet is a desideratum.—Of the scholars who have written on Philo, we mention principally Dahl, Bryant, Gfrfirer, Creuzer, Grosmann, Wolff, Ritter, Beer, etc. The English translation of Philo iu 4 vols. forms part of Bohn's Ecclesiastical Library.