QUATREMERE, ETIENNE MARC, a learned French orientalist, was b. in Paris, July 12, 178•, and from his earliest childhood to his latest years was literally immersed in abstruse studies,' and lived more after the fashion of a medieval recluse than a modern scholar. His public life was almost eventless. Employed in 1807 in the manuscript department of the Bibliot14ue Imperiale, he was promoted in 1809 to the Greek chair in the college of Rouen, and in 1819 to the chair of ancient oriental languages in the college de France. In 1827 he became professor of Persian in the school for modern oriental languages. He died Sept. 18, 1857. Quatremere's erudition was something enormous, as might have been expected from his uninterrupted life-long devotion to study, but according to M. Ernest Renan (himself one of the first living orientalists), he was strik ingly deficient in critical insight, and a genius for sagacious and luminous generalization. He would never believe in the hieroglyphic discoveries of Champollion; he despised comparative philology, and thought the labors of men like F. Schlegel, Bopp, Burnouf, etc., were wasted. But in less delicate fields of exploration lie is safe. His historical and geographical memoirs, for example, are of incalculable value. Quatreinere's prin are—Recherches sur la _temple et la Litterature de l'Egypte (Par. 1808), in which it is shown, in the clearest manner, that the language of ancient Egypt is to be sought for in the modern Coptic; Memoires Geographigues et .Ffistoriques sur rEgypte (Par..
1810); Ilistokre des Sultans Manzeloucks (Par. 1837), from the Arabic of :Nlakrizi; IIistoirc des Mongols de la Perm (Par. 1836), from the Persian of Rashid-Eddin; and his edition of the Arabic text of the Prolegomena of Ibn-Khaldun, one of the most curious monuments of Arabic literature. Besides these, a multitude of most valuable articles are scattered through the pages of the Journal Asiatique and the Journal des Savants. It is deeply to be regretted that circumstances interfered to prevent his executing certain great lexico graphical works—Arabic, Coptic, Syriac, Turkish, Persian, and Armenian dictionaries— which he had planned, and for which he had gathered ample materials. His old master, Silvestre de Sacy, pronounced him "the only man capable of making an Arabic dic tionary." QUATRIt:MERE DE QUINCY, ANTOINE CIIRYSOSTOME, 1755-1849; b. France; author of an Essay on Egyptian Architecture, and the _Dictionary of Architecture, pub lished in three quarto volumes; a participant in the French revolution; in 1815 superin tendent of public monuments, and secretary of the academy of fine arts from 1816 to 1839. He also was the author of Le Jupiter Olyinpien., 1814; De l'Imitation dams les Beaux Arts, 1823; and lives of Michael Angelo, Raphael, and Canova.