RITTER, HEINRICH. German philosopher, was born at Zerbst in 1791; studied theol ogy at Halle, Gottingen, and Berlin from 1811 to 1815, and in 1824 was created professor extraordinarius at Berlin nniversity. In 1835 he accepted a call to the university at Kiel. and went thence in 1837 to Gottingen. Ritter owes his literary fame especially to his profound works on the history of philosophy. The principal are Ueber die Bildung des Philosophen durch die, Geschichte der Philosophie (On the Education of the Philosopher through the History of Philosophy). 1817; Welchen Einfiass hat die Philosophie des Carte sins aef die Ausbildung der des Spinoza gehabt? (W hat Influence has the Philosophy of Descartes exercised on that of Spinoza?) Leip. and Altenb. 1817; Weber die Philos. Lehre des Empedokles(On the Philosophical Doctrine of Empedocles), 1820, in Wolf's Literlry Analecta; Gesehichte der Ionisch. Phil. (History of the Ionian Philosophy), Berl. 1821; Gesehielde der Pythagorisch. Phil. (History of the Pythagorean Philosophy), Hamb. 1826; Demerkungen iib. die Phil. d. Megarisch. Sehule (Remarks on the Philosophy of the Meg
aric School), Rheinisehes Museum, 2d series; Gesell. der Phil. (History of Philosophy), vol. i.-xii. lIamb. 1829-53; 2d ed.. vol. i.-iv., 1836-33; Vorlesungen zur Einleitung in die Logii.; (Introductory to Logic), Berl. 1823; "Mis der Philosophisch. Logik, Berl. 1824; Die Halb-lientht ner snnet der Pantheismus (•he lialf-liantions and Pantheism), 13er1. 1827; Lieber des l'erldiltaiss der Philosophic rent IVissenxelurftlieho: Lebo' Pherhanpt (On the Relation between Philosophy and Scientific Life in General), Berl. 1835; Ce&er die Erkenntniss Gotten in der Welt (The Recognition of God in the World), Ilamb. 1836; (ay. des Bose (On Evil), Kiel, 1839; Philosophical Essays (Kiel, 1839-40); Sptem der Logik send der Hetaphysik (Gila. 1856); Die Chri4liche Philosophic (2 vols. Gott. 1858-59); Encge'opildie der Philosophischen Wisscnschaften (vols. 1 and 2, Gott. 1802-63). Ritter was not a partisan of any philosophical school, but it critic of all. lie died in 1869.