FEBRONIANISM, INNOCENT XI. The new theorieg to which the French revolution gave currency have still further modified these relations; but in most of the European king doms they were readjusted after 1815, either by concordat or by some similar agreement. Many conflicting claims on either side, however, still exist; hut in the con flict with the state the policy of the'Roman Catholic church has generally been to record her ,protest against any violation of her right, and, this protest having been made, to subinit under protest, unless in what are considered the essentials of faith or of disci pline. Where the encroachments of the state are considered to violate the essentials of faith or discipline, the resistance most result in definitive separation, as in the case of England under Henry VIII. and his successors, in Poland under the czar, and in Prussia in file now pending conflict.
The details of the doctrinal system of the Roman Catholic church will be best col lected and explained from her latest authentic creed, that commonly called " the creed of Pius V.," drawn up as a summary of the authoritative teaching of that ecclesiastical body till the time at which it was written, and published together with certain later doctrinal pronouncements. It is only necessary to premise that, while in the view of Catholics (see RULE OF Film) all doctrine must be based on the word of God, written or unwritten, the church is -the only authoritative judge of that rule of faith. The tri';unals which are held to represent this teaching, as well as the subjects to which the privilege extends, and the limits within which it is held to be exercised infallibly, have all been explained under the head INFALLIBILITY (q.v.). BM Catholics hold that while the church has authority, when doubts or difficulties arise, to propound in such terms as leave no room for doubt new definitions of faith, nevertheless these new defini tions must not be regarded as additions to the accepted faith of the church, or indeed to. the original deposit of divine teaching, but only as expositions of former articles, or at.
most as developments of what already existed in the germ, and has hut been evolved by controversy, or brought into practical action by the progress of time, and by the change of the external relations of the church. The creed of Pius V. is as follows: " N. N., with a firm faith ,believe and profess all and every one of those things which are contained in that creed which the holy Roman church maketh use of. To wit: I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaver and earth, of all things visible and invisible, and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotton Son of God, born of the Father before all ages; God of God; Light of Light; true God of the true God; begotten, not made; consubstantial with the Father, by whom all things were made. Who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man. He was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate, suffered, and was buried. And the third day Ina rose again according to the Scriptures: he ascended into heaven, sitteth at the right hand of the Father, and shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead; of whose kingdom there shall be no end.. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and life-giver, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son; who, together with the Father and the Son, is adored and glorified; who spoke by the prophets. And in one holy, Catholic, and apostolic church. I confess one baptism for the remission of sins; and I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
" I most steadfastly admit and embrace the apostolical and ecclesiastical traditions, and all other observances and constitutions of the same church.
"I also admit the holy Scriptures, according to that sense which our holy mother the church hath held and doth hold; to whom it helongeth to judge of the true sense and ,interpretation of the Scriptures; neither will I ever take and interpret them otherwise than according to the unanimous consent of the fathers.