Quesnel
Quesnel, Pasqmen, A French Theologian, Was B. At Paris, July 14. 1634, And Hav Ing Been Educated In The Sorbonne, Entered The Congregation Of The Oratory In 1657. He Obtained Even Early In His Career The Reputation Of A Profound Familiarity With Scrip Ture And The Fathers; And By Several ...
Quevedo Y Villegas
Quevedo Y Villegas, Don Francisco Gomez De, A Spanish Classic, Was B. At Madrid. Sept. 26. 1580, And Studied At The University Of Alcala Rewires, Where He Acquired A Good Knowledge, Not Only Of Latin And Greek, But Also Of Hebrew And Ara Bic, Besides French And Italian. His Career, ...
Quietists
Quietists, The Name Of A Somewhat Numerous Class Of Mystical Sects, Who, In Dif Ferent Ages, Have Held That The Most Perfect State Of The Soul Is A State Of Quiet, In Which The Soul Ceases To Reason, To Reflect, Whether Upon Itself Or On God, And, In A Word, ...
Quince
Quince, Cydonia, A Genus Of Trees And Shrubs Of The Natural Order Rosacerv, Suborder 7102, Act', Nearly Allied To Pyrus, With Which Many Botanists Have United It, But Distin Guished By Having Many Instead Of Two Seeds In Each Cell, And By Their Very Mucilagin Ous Nature. The Common Quince ...
Quincy
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 1744-75, B. Boston; Graduated At Harvard College In 1703; Read Law With Oxenhridge Thacher. And Was Admitted To The Bar, Rising To A High Rank In His Profession. He Denounced The Stamp Act Through The Press And At Public Meetings In Boston, And Took Strong Ground Against ...
Quincy_2
Quincy, Josran, An American Lawyer, Orator, And Man Of Letters, And Son Of Josiah Quincy, A Distinguished Orator Of The Revolution, Was B. At Boston, Feb. 4, 1772; Gradu Ated At Harvard College, 1790; Studied The Profession Of Law; Took An Active Interest Iu Politics As A Leading Member Of ...
Quintana
Quintana, Manuei. Jost, Surnamed The " Spanish Tvrticus," Was B. At Madrid, April 11, 1772, Studied At Salamanca, And Established Himself As An Advocate In His Native City, Where His House Became A Resort Of The Advanced Liberals Of The Time. Among His Earliest Productions Were His Odes, Which Gave ...
Quintilian Qiilntilianiis
Quintilian (qiilntilianiis, Fianus) Was B. 40 A.d., At Calagurris (the Modern Calahmra) In Spain, And Attended In Rome The Prelections Of Domitius Afer, Who Died 59. After This Date, However, He Revisited Spain, Whence He Returned In 68 To Rome. In The Train Of Galba, And Began To Practice As ...
Quintin Etatsys
Quintin Etatsys, A Celebrated Painter Of The Early Flemish School. He Was B. At Antwerp About 1460, And Is Generally Known By The Name Of The Blacksmith Of Antwerp, From Having Followed That Trade In Early Life. The Romantic Story So Long Connected With This Artist's Name, Of His Having ...
Quo Warranto
Quo' Warranto Is A Writ Or Information Issued From The Court Of Queen's Bench In Westminster, Calling Upon A Person Or Body Of Persons To Show By What Warrant They A Public Office Or Privilege. It Is The Legal Mode Of Remedying Any Usurpation Of Privilege Or Of Office. Eighteenth ...
Quoits
Quoits, A Game Much Practised By The Working Classes In The Mining Districts Of Great Britain, Seems To Have Been Derived From The Ancient Game Of "throwing The Discus," Which Was Such A Favorite Amusement Of The Greeks And Romans. .the Discus Was A Circular Plate Of Stone Or Metal, ...
Rabbi
Rabbi (heb., Master), An Honorary Title Of The Jewish Matters Of The Law, Which Is First Found Applied After The Time Of Herod, Subsequently To The Disputes Between The Two Schools Of Shammai (q.v.) And Hillel (q.v.). It Was In Common Useat The Time Of Christ, Who Is Addressed As ...
Rabbit
Rabbit, Lepus Cuniculus,' An Animal Of The Same Genus With The Hare, But Of Smaller Size, And With Shorter Limbs, The Hind-legs Shorter In Proportion. It Is Not Adapted, Like Hares, To Seek Safety By Rapid And Continuous Running, Hut By Retreat Ing To Burrows, Which It Excavates With Great ...
Rabbit Skins
Rabbit-skins Have A Regular Commercial Value In Consequence Of The Hair Being Well Adapted For Felting Purposes; Hence• They Are Collected In Large Numbers By The Chiffoniers Of This And Other Countries, And The Hair Itself Is Not Unfrequently Imported From Holland And Germany Under The Erroneous Name Of " ...
Rabbits
Rabbits, In Point Of Law, Give Rise To Many Nice Questions, Which In Practical Life Are Of No Small Importance, For They Form A Brunch Of The Game-laws (q.v.). In England And Ireland, Whoever Is Owner Of The Soil Is Entitled To Catch And Kill All The Rabbits He Finds ...
Rabelais
Rabelais, Fnatccois, The Greatest Of French Humorists, Was Born, According To The General Statement Of Biographers, In 1483, But More Probably Toward 1495, At Chinon, A Small Town In Touraine. His Father, Thomas Rabelais, Was Proprietor Of A Farm In The Neighborhood, Celebrated For The Quality Of Its Wine, The ...
Rabies
Rabies, The Name Given To A Disease Affecting The Dog And Other Animals, Was Known To The Ancients, And Is Spoken Of By Aristotle, Pliny, And Horlice; But It Does Not Seem To Have Been Then So Virulent In Its Nature, Or Alarming In Its Consequences, And Aris Totle, Perhaps ...
Radcliffe
Radcliffe, Dr. Jonx, A Celebrated Physician, And The Founder Gf The Radcliffe Library At Oxford, Was Born At Wakefield In Yorkshire, In The Year 1650. Lie Was Instructed In Greek And Latin At The Grammar-school Of His Native Town; And At The Early Age Of 15 Lie Was Sent To ...
Radcliffe Library
Radcliffe Library, Oxford. This Institution, Founded By Dr. John Radcliffe (q.v.), Stands In The Central Area Of Radcliffe Square. The Building Is In The Form Of A Rotunda, Standing Upon Arcades, From The Center Of Which Rises A Spacious And Well-proportioned Dome. This Dome Is 84 Ft. Iu Height From ...
Radiata
Radiata, The Lowest Of Cuvier's Four Great Divisions Of The Animal Kingdom, Derive Their Name From The Organs Of Sense And Motion Being Disposed As Rays Round A Center; The Other Three, In Ascending Order, Being The Articulate, The Mollusca, And The Vertebrate. Before Cuvier's Time All Invertebrate Animals Were ...
Radicals
Radicals, In Chemistry. A Radical Is A Term Introduced By One Of The Fathers In Chemistry, Guyton De Ltiorveau, In 1787, But Its Signification Was • Then More Restricted Than Now, Because Chemistry Was Then A More Restricted Science. Its Gen Eral Meaning, However, Allowed It To Be Gradually Extended ...
Radiometer
Radiometer, An Instrument Invented By Prof. William Crookes Of London To Measure The Comparative Intensity Of Radiation In Different Colored Or Heated Rays. It Consists Of A Number Of Delicate Arms (usually Fou•), Supported At Their Center Of Horizon Tal Motion, And Above The Center Of Gravity, Upon A Needle-point, ...
Radish
Radish, Raplanus, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Cruciferce, Having A Spongy Silique (q.v.), Which Does Not Split Open When Ripe, Ends In A Conical Or Awl-shaped Beak, And Is More Or Less Divided Into Transverse Cells, In Some Species Adhering Together Even In Decay, And In Some ...
Raeburn
Raeburn, Sir Henry,n. A.. A Distinguished Portrait-painter, Was B. On Mar. 4, 1756, At Stockbridge, Then A Village Near Edinburgh, Where His Father Was A Manufacturer. His Parents Died When His Was Little More Than Six Years Old, And He Was Educated In That Well-known Institution, George Heriot's Hospital. He ...
Raffles
Raffles, Sir Tuoxas Stamford, A Distinguished Traveler And Naturalist, Was The Son Of A Captain In The West India Trade, And Was B. At Sea, Off Port Morant In Jamaica, On July 5, 1781. His First Appointment Was To A Clerkship In The East India House. Having Attracted The Notice ...
Rafflesia
Rafflesia, A Remarkable Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Small Natural Order Ra,psiacea, An Order Composed Entirely Of Parasitic Plants, Which Consist Merely Of A Flower, And Form Part Of The Tit/a/gen-3 (q.v.) Of Lindley. The Rajleeictcece Are Natives Partly Of The Indian Islands And Partly Of South America. The ...
Rag Trade
Rag Trade, This Trade, Even Within The Limits Of A Generation, Has Undergone Extraordinary Changes. Woolen Rags, Which Some 30 Years Ago Were All Allowed To Rot On The Dunghill, Save The Very Small Quantity Required For Flock Papers And Stuffing Saddlery, Are Now Consumed. Under The Name Of "shoddy," ...
Ragged Schools
Ragged Schools. The Ragged School, As Distinct From The Certified Industrial School, Is A Voluntary Agency Providing Education For Destitute Children, And So Prevent Ing Them From Falling Into Vagrancy And Crime. Vagrant Children, And Those Guilty Of Slight Offenses, Are Provided For In The Certified Industrial School; But The ...
Raglan
Raglan, Lord. Fitzroy James He Somerset, Field-marshal, G.c.e., Eighth Son Of The Fifth Duke Of Beaufort, Was B. Sept. 30, 1788. He Entered The Army In His 16th Year, And In 1807 Served On The Staff Of The Duke Of Wellington In The Expedition To Copenhagen. He Went To `the ...
Rail
Rail, Rallus, A Genus Of Birds Of The Order Graller, And Family Having A Slender Bill, Longer Than The Head, The Body Of A Very Compressed Form, Wings Of Very Moderate Length, A Very Short Tail, Long And Strong Legs, And Long Toes. The Only European Species Is The Com3ion ...
Railways
Railways. The Origin Of These Now Vast Undertakings Is Traced To A Contrivance For Simplifying The Transit Of Coal From The Mines In Northumberland And Durham To The Places Of Shipment On The Tyne And Wear. The Invention Consisted Of A Double Parallel Line Of Wooden Beams Or Trams Fixed ...
Rain
Rain. At A Given Temperature Air Is Capable Of Containing No More Than A Certain Quantity Of Aqueous Vapor Invisibly Dissolved Through It, And When This Amount Is Pres Ent, It Is Said To Be Saturated. Air May At Any Time Be Brought To A State Of Saturation By Reducing ...
Rain Gaiige
Rain-gaiige, The Use Of Rain-gauges Is To Ascertain The Amount Of Rain Which Falls At Any Given Place. They Are Of Various Constructions. The Simplest Is That Which Con Sists Of A Metallic Cylinder, From The Bottom Of Which, A Glass Tube, Divided Into Inches And Parts Of An Inch, ...
Rainbow
Rainbow. The Ordinary Phenomena Of The Rainbow Are Usually Visible On Every Occurrence Of A "sunny Shower," And We Need Not Describe Them Particularly Until We Deduce Them, One After Another, From Their Cause. The Most Careless Observation Shows Us That, For The Production Of A Rainbow, We Must Have ...
Ramayana
Ramayan'a Is The Name Of One Of The Two Great Epic Poems Of Ancient India (for The Other, See The Article Manknuerata). Its Subject-matter Is The History Of Rama, One Of The Incarnations Of Vishifu (q.v., And See Rxsia), And Its Reputed Author Is Valmiki, Who Is Said To Have ...
Rammohun Roy
Rammohun Roy, A Celebrated Hindu Rajah, Was Born At Bordnan, In The Province Of Bengal. Between 1774 And 1780. In A Sketch Of His Own Life, Written In 1832, He States That His Ancestors Were Brahmans Of A High Order. At Home He Acquired The Usual Ele Ments Of Native ...
Ramsgate
Ramsgate (riuia's Gate; Blum Is The British Name Of Thanet), A Sea-port, Market I., And Favorite Watering-place In The County Of Kent, In The S.e. Of The Isle Of Thanet, 97 M. E.s.e. Of London By Railway. Anciently It Was A Small Fishing-village; But It Began To Increase In Importance ...
Rangoon
Rangoon', The Principal Sea-port And Chief T. Of Pegu (q.v.), Is Built On The Left Bank Of The Ilagoou River, The Eastern Branch Of The Irrawaddy, At The Distance Of 26 Tn. From The Sea, In Lat. 16° 42' N., And Long. 96° 13' East. Rangoon Was Founded Or Rebuilt ...
Raniinculus
Raniin'culus, A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order Ranunculacem; Having Five Sepals; Five Petals, With A Nectariferous Pore At The Base Of Each Petal, Often Covered With A Scale; Nufny Stamens Situated On A Receptacle, And Germens Accumulated Into A Head. The Species Are Numerous, Herbaceous Plants, Mostly Perennial. ...
Rank
Rank. Army Rank Is Somewhat Confusing From Its Varieties, And From The Fact That The Same Officer May Hold At Once Three Different Ranks. The First And Only Rank Up To The Grade Of Capt. Is Regimental Or Substantative Rank. Above This, Officers May Advance In Two Ways: First Up ...
Rannoor
Ran'noor, Moon And Locn. The Moor, In The N.w. Extremity Of Perthshire, With A Mean Elevation Of About 1000 Ft. Above Sea-level, Is A Wild Waste, 28 M. Long, And 10 In. Broad, And Is One Of The Largest And Most Desolate And Dreary Moors In Scotland. Its Surface Is ...
Rape
Rape Is The Crime Of Havino. Against Knowledge Of A Woman Aainst Her Consent And By Force. The Essence Of The Havingis That Force Be Used, And It Immaterial What Is The Of The Woman, And Whether She Is Married Or Single, Chaste Or Unchaste. The Only 'difference Caused By ...
Rasmus Christian Bask
Bask, Rasmus Christian', A Distinguished Danish Philologist, Was B. At Brendekilde, Near Odense, In The Island Of Fhnen, Nov. 22, 1787: Studied At Copenhagen, And In 180s Published His First Work, Vejledning Til Det Islandske Eller Gamlb Mrdiski Sprog (rules Of The Icelandic Or The Ancient Language Of The North). ...
Raspberry
Raspberry, Rebus Idaus, The Most Valued Of All The Species Of Rebus (q.v.). It Has Pinnate Leaves, With 5 Or 3 Leaflets, Which Are White And Very Downy Beneath, Stems Nearly Erect, Downy, And Covered With Very Numerous Small Weak Prickles; Drooping Flowers, And Erect Whitish Petals As Long As ...
Rastadt
Rastadt, A T. And Fortress In Baden, Stands On The River Isturg, 3 In. From Its Junc Tion With The Rhine, And 15 M. S.w. Of Karlsruhe. It Is A Station On The Baden Railway. Steel Wares, Weapons, And Tobacco Are Manufactured. From 1725 To 1771 The Town Was The ...
Ratan Rattan
Rattan', Ratan, Or Rotta-ng, Calarnits, A Genus Of Palms Very Different In Habit Front Most Of The Order; Having A Reed-like, Slender, Often Jointed, And Extremely Long Stein, Sometimes Even 1000 Ft. Or Upwards In Length. The Name Rattan Is Extended To Others Of The Same Tribe Of Palms, Having ...
Rate
Rate, On Assessment, Is A Money Payment Levied Upon The Owners Or Occupiers Of Real Property, In Respect Of Some Benefit To Such Property, Or In Discharge Of Some Legal Liability Attaching To It. The Power Of Rating Proprietors Or Tenants Of Lands Is A Power Not Existing By The ...
Ration
Ration, In The Army And Navy, Is The Allowance Of Provisions Granted To Each Officer, Nou-commissioned Officer, Soldier, Or Sailor. The Army Ration At Home Is / Lb. Of Meat, And 1 Lb. Of Bread (" Best Seconds") If In Barracks, Or /lb. Of Meat With 1+ Lbs. Of Bread ...
Rationalism
Rationalism (lat. Ratio, Reason), Strictly Signifies That Method Of Thought Which In Matters Of Religion Not Only Allows The Use Of Reason, But Considers It Indispensable. The Term Has Now, However, Acquired A Wider Meaning, And Stands In Opposition To Taipernaturalism, Or The Belief In That Which Either Transcends, Or, ...
Ratios
Ratio's (latinized Form Of La Ramee), Pierre, An Illustrious French "humanist." Was The Son Of A Poor Laborer. And Was Born At The Village Of Cuth, In Vermandois. In 1515. His Thirst For Knowledge Was So Great, That Twice Before He Had Reached His 12th Year He Traveled On Foot ...
Rattlesnake
Rattlesnake, Croteus, A Genus Of Serpents Of The Family Crotalithr, Distinguished From The Rest Of That Family By The Rattle At The End Of The Tail. They Arc Also Charac Terized By Having Only One Row Of Plates Under The Tail. The Genus Is Subdivided By Many Authors According To ...
Rauch
Rauch, Cnnisinan Daniel, One Of The Most Distinguished German Sculptors, Was B. At Arolsea, The Capital Of The Principality Of Waldeck, In 1777. He Early Began The Study Of Sculpture; But On The Death Of His Father, In 1;97, Lie Was Obliged To Go To Ber Lin, Nvh•re He Became ...
Ravaillac
Ravaillac, Frtanceas, A Native Of The French Province Of Angoulihne, Where He Was B. In 1578, Has Acquired An Obnoxious Reputation As The Murderer Of Lieu Ri Iv. Of France, In Early Life Ravaillac Was In Turn Clerk To A Notary And Master Of A School; But Having Fallen Into ...
Raven
Raven, Conus Corax, A Species Of Crow (q.v.), Remarkable For Its Large Size. It Is More Than 2 Ft. In Length From The Tip Of The Bill To The Extremity Of The Tail. The Bill Is Thick And Strong, Compressed At The Sides, The Mandibles Sharp At The Edges; The ...
Ravenna
Raven'na, An Important City Of Central Italy, 43 M. E.s.e. From Bologna, And 44 M. From The Adriatic; Lat. 44° 24' N., Long. 12° 12' East, Pop. '72, Of The Commune, 58,t:04; Of The Town Proper, 21,000. It Is Situated In The Midst Of A Well-watered, Fertile, And Snely-wooded Plain. ...
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft, Timmas, An Eminent English Musical Composer. He Was B. In 1592, Received His Musical Education In St.. Paul's Choir, And Had The Degree Of Bachelor Of •nunic Conferred On Him When Only 15 Years Of Age. In 1611 Appeared His Melismato, Musical Phansies, Etc., A Collection Of 23 Part-songs, ...
Rawhes Haus
Rawhes Haus Is The Name Of A Great Institution Founded :tad Hitherto Managed By 'mellen At Horn, Near Hamburg, In Connection With The German Home-mission (inners Mission). It Is Partly A Refuge For Morally Neglected Children; Partly A Boa•ding-school For The Moral And Intellectual Education Of Children Of The Higher ...
Rawlinson
Rawlinson, Sir Iffuiv, Oriental Scholar And Diplomatist, Was B. At Chalding Ton, Oxfordshire, In 1810, And Educated At Ealing; Middlesex. He Entered The East India Military Service In 1826, And Served In The Bombay Presidency Until 1833, When He Was Appointed To Assist In Reorganizing The Army Of The Shah ...
Raynouard
Raynouard, Iiiancors Juste Marie, A French Poet And Philologist, Was He At B;ignoles, In Provence, Sept. 8,1761. He Studied At Aix, And Came To Paris To Cultivate Literature At The Age Of 23,.but Soot Went Back To The South, And Joined The Bar At Draguignan, Where He Acquired A High ...
Re Trograde
Re Trograde. This Is A Term Applied To The Motion Of The Planets And Comets Among The Fixed Stars When They Appear To Move In The Reverse Order Of The Signs Of The Zodiac (q.v.). All The Planets Move In The Same Direction Round The Sun, And Therefore Their Retrograde ...
Reaction
Reaction, A Term Used In Reference To The Political History Of A Nation, To Designate That Tendency, Often Showing Itself, To Recoil From The Effects Of Reform Or Revolution, And To Seek A Restoration Of The Previous State Of Things. Or Even Of One Still More Anti Quated And Despotic. ...
Reading And Speaking
Reading And Speaking. Reading Is The Delivery Of Language From Writing; Speaking Is The Utterance Of Spontaneous Composition. Reading Is Merely Mechanical When Words Are Intelligibly But Unimpressively Delivered; And It Is Oratorial In Effect When The Sentiment Proper To The Utterance Is Expressed By Pauses, Tones, Emphasis, Etc. Recitation ...
Real
Real Is A Phrase Much Used In The Law Of The United Kingdom In Combination With Various Other Terms. In The Law Of England And Ireland Real Property Or Real Estate, Or Realty, Constitutes One Of The Great Subdivisions Of All Property, Consisting Of What Is Popularly Known As Land ...
Real Presence
Real Presence, In The Eucharist, A Doctrine Forming An Article In The Belief Of The Roman, The Greek, And Other Eastern Churches, And Of Some Bodies Or Individuals In Other Christian Communions, According To Which It Is Held That, Under The Appearance Of The Eucharistic Bread And Wine, After Consecration ...
Reaping
Reaping (ante). Pliny The Elder, A.d. 33, Describes In Gaul A Cart Fitted With Sta Tionary Combs, Tearing Off The Grain And Abandoning The Straw; And Palladins Describes The Same, 391, Unchanged In Three Centuries, But In Its Reversely Yoked Cattle And Elevated Platform Foreshadowing The Modern Header. The Modern ...
Reaping
Reaping, The Act Of Cutting Corn, Has Been Performed From Time Immemorial With An Instrument Called A Reaping-hook Or Sickle. The Sickles In Use Among The Ancient Jews, Egyptians, And Chinese Appear To Have Differed Very Little In Form From Those Employed In Great Britain. The Reaping-hook Is A Curved ...
Reaumiir
Reaumiir, Rrri Antoine Feiiciiault De, A Celebrated Naturalist And Physicist, Was Horn At La Rochelle, Iu The Department Of,charente-inferieure, France, Feb. 28, 1683; And Studied In The Jesuits' College At Poictiers And Afterward At Bourges. With An Eye, Observant Of Facts Of Every Kind, And An Indiscriminate Thirst For Information, ...
Rebellion
Rebellion (lat. Rebettio, From Helium, War, A Revolt By Nations Subdued In War), An Openly Avowed Renunciation Of The Authority Of The Government To Which One Owes Alle Giance, Or A Levying Of War To Resist The Authority Of Government. Unlike Insurrec Tion, Which May Be Merely An Opposition To ...
Receipt
Receipt Is The Technical As Well As Popular Term Signifying A Legal Acknowledg Ment Of Money Received In Discharge Of A Debt Or Demand. It Is Often Popularly Believed That A Written Receipt Is The Only Legal Proof Of Payment; But Lids Is A Mistake, The Fact Being That It ...
Receivers
Receivers, Officers Appointed By The Court To Receive And Hold Money For The Use Of Others And To Render An Account Of The Same, Or In Equity Proceedings To Receive The Rents Or Profits Of Land Or The Profits Of Other Property The Ownership Of Which Is In Dis Pute. ...
Record Of Conveyances
Record Of Conveyances, By Public Officers And For The Public To Examine At Will, Is Universal Iu The United States, But Unusual, Incomplete, And Imperfect In Eng Land. The Statutes Of Each State Provide For The Appointment Of An Officer, Sometimes Called The Register Of Deeds, Whose Duty It Is ...
Recruiting
Recruiting. Formerly, The Task Of Raising Recruits For The Army Was Intrusted To The Colonels Of Regiments, Who Employed Civilian Agents And Others To Persuade Young Men To Join Their Standards; These Agents Often Resorting To Very Illegal Methods To Entrap Recruits. Subsequently, The Duty Was Assigned To Several Recruiting ...
Recusants
Recusants, In English Law, Are Persons Who Refuse Or Neglect To Attend At The Won ;hip Of The Established Church On Sundays And Other Days Appointed For The Purpose. The Offense As A Legal One May Be Held To Date Front 1 Elizabeth, C. 2; But There Were Four Classes ...
Red River
Red River (ante), The Southernmost Of The Great Tributaries Of The Missisippi. The Peculiar Color From Which It Derives Its Name Is Attributed To The Red Clay Of The Gypseous Formation Which Constitutes A Portion Of Its Bed. It Rises In The Panhandle Or N.e. Section Of Texas, In Lat. ...
Red Snow
Red Snow, The Apparent Redness Of Snow, As Seen From A Di3tance, Is Often An Effect Of Light, Which Adds A Peculiar Charm To Mountain And Winter Landscapes, Particu Larly In The Mornings And Evenims, When The Rays Of The Sun Fall Most Obliquely On The Surface Of The Snow. ...
Redbreast
Redbreast, Erythaca 9.ultecula, Or Syria Rubecula, A Bird Of The Family Sylriadm, Familiar To Every One In The British Islands And Throughout Most Parts Of Europe—a Universal Favorite, From The Readiness With Which It Approaches Or Enters Human Habita Tions, Its Lively Manners, Its Aspect Of Pert Curiosity, The Frequency ...
Redoubt
Redoubt' Is A Small Fort Of Varying Shape, Constructed For A Temporary Purpose, And Usually Without Flanking Defenses. The Term Is Vague In Its Acceptation, Being Applied Equally To Detached Posts And To A Strong Position Within Another Fortress. Redoubts As A General Rule Do Not Exceed 40 Yards Square, ...
Redshid Pasha
Redshid Pasha, A Celebrated Turkish Statesman, And Long The Chief Of The Party Of Progress In Turkey, Was B. At Constantinople About 1800. He Accompani:i His Brother In-law, The Governor Of The Pored, Into Greece, And After His Death, Obtained The Post Of Chief Secretary In One Of The Government ...
Reed
Reed, The Common English Name Of Certain Tall Grasses, Growing In Moist Or Marshy Rilaces, And Having A Very Hard Or Almost Woody Culto, The Common Reed (phragmites Eommunis, Formerly Arundo Phragmites) Is Abundant In Britain And Continental Europe, In Wet Meridows And Stagnant Waters, And By The Banks Of ...
Reed Instruments
Reed Instruments. The Chinese Appear To Have Had An Instrument Comprised In A Series Of Tubes With Tongues, Played Upon By The Mouth, As Early In Their History As We Know Anything About Them. For The Accordion We Are Indebted To Germany, Avlicre It Was Invented In 1820. Reed Organs ...
Reed_2
Reed, In Music, The Mouthpiece Of A Hautboy, Bassoon, Or Clarionet. Also, A Piece Of Metal With A Brass Spring Or Tongue Attached To It In Such A Way That The Admission ,:f A Current Of Wind Causes It To Vibrate And Sound A Musical Note. The Reed Is Of ...
Refining Or Metals
Refining Or Metals. The Last Operation Connected With The Smelting Of Copper, Tin, Lead, And Some Other Metals, Is Usually Called The Refiniim. Process. With Copper, For Example. The Impure Or " Blister" Copper, Containing From 95to 98 Per Cent Of The Metal, Alloyed Usually With Small Quantities Of Iron, ...
Reformation
Reformation. The Reformation Denotes The Great Spiritual And Ecclesiastical Movement Which Took Place In Europe In The 16th C., And As The Result Of Which The National Churches Of Britain, Of Denmark, Sweden, Norway. And Holland, And Of Many Parts Of Germany And Switzerland, Became Separated From The Church Of ...