RYDER, WtaLt:ut IIENtty, n.n., b. Mass., 1822; ordained and became pastor of a tniversalist church in Concord, N. H., 1843; and of a church in Nashua 1845. In 1848 lie visited Europe and Palestine; studied in. Berlin; settled as pastor in Roxbury, Mass., In 1850, and in 1869 at St. Paul's church in Chicago, 111.
RYE, &cu!e, a genus of grasses, allied to wheat and barley, and having spikes which generally consist of two-flowered, rarely of three-flowered, spikelets; the florets furnished with terminal awns, only the upper floret stalked. One species (S cereals) is a well known grain. It has when in fruit a roundisth-quadrangular spike with a tough rachis Its native country, as in the case of the other most important cereals, is somewhat doubt ful; but it is said to be found wild in the desert regions near the Caspian sea and on the highest mountains of the Crimea. It has long been cultivated as a cereal plant, although the supposed mention of it in Exodus ix. 32 is doubtful, spelt being perhaps intended. It is much cultivated in the north of Europe and in some parts of Asia. Its cultivation does not extend so far n. as that of barley; but it grows in regions too cold for wheat, and on soils ton poor and sandy for any other grain. Its ripening can also be more con fidently reckoned upon in regions than that of any other grain. But rye succeeds best and is most productive in a climate where wheat still ripens. It delights in sandy soils. The varieties of rye are numerous, although much less so than those of other important cereals. Some are best fitted for sowing in autumn, others for sowing in spring. The former kinds (winter sWe) are most extensively cultivated, being generally the most productive. In some places on the continent of Europe rye is sown at mid summer, mowed for green fodder in autumn, and left to shoot in spring, which it does at the same time with autumn-sown rye, producing a good Crop of small but very mealy grain. In Britain rye is not a common grain crop, and is cultivated to a smaller extent Haan it formerly was; the sandy soils to which it is best adapted being improved and fitted for other kinds of corn. It is, however, sometimes sown to be used as a green crop for feeding sheep and oxen in winter, and is found particularly good for iuilch cows. It is sometimes also mown for horses and other animals.—Bread made of rye is much used iu the north u of Europe. It is of a dark color, more laxative than that made of wheat flour, and perhaps rather less uutritioas. Rye is much used for fermentation
and distillation, particularly for the making of Hollands. Rye affected with ergot (q.v.) is a very dangerous article of food. The straw of rye is tougher than that of any other corn-plant, and is much valued for straw-phit,—PEr.xpNIAL Rva (S. perenne) differs from common rye in having a very hard, red-like calm; ears 3 to 5 in. long, flatly com pressed, with a brittle racltis. and 50 to 60 closely imbricated spikelets. It endures for many years, but is not much cultivated, as its grain is slender and does not yield as easily separable flour.
RYE, a t. in Westchester co., N. Y., on Long Island sound; pop. of township, 3,963. The village is on the New York and New Haven railroad. 2 m. s.w. of Port Chester, and 24 m. me. of New York. Rye Beach, in the same township, is a favorite summer resort. In the town arc marry handsome residences of business men of New York. It contains three churches and an excellent institution for the education of ladies. In this town is the thriving village of Port Chester, on Byrum river, the boundary between New York and Connecticut.
RYE, a sea-port, market-t., and parliathentary and municipal borough in the s.e. of the co. of Sussex, 10 in. n.c. of Hastings. It is charmingly situated on an eminence bounded e. by the Bother, and s. and iv. ly the Tillingham, which streams unite here, and entering the sea 2 m. below the town form the old harbor. The appearance of the town is remarkably quaint and old-fashioned. the junction of the streams is a small castle built by William de Ypres in the reign of and now used as a jail. The church is a beautiful and interesting structure—the central tower, transepts, a number of circular arches, etc. all being early 2:orman. In former times the sea flowed close up to Rye, washing the rock on which the Ypres tower stands, but it has retired to a distance of 2 miles. The harbor admits vessels of 200 tons, and has been recently improved. This ancient town receives historical mention as early as 893. It was walled on two sides by Edward III., and contributed nine ships to the fleet with which that monarch invaded France. Brewing, ship-building, and trade in corn, hops, etc., arc carried on. Rye is oue of the cinque-ports, and scuds a member to parliament. Pop. '71: of municipal borough, 3,863; of parliamentary borough, 8,290.