SCHOOLCRAFT, HENRY llowE, American author. geologist, and ethnologist, was born at Watervleit (now Guilderland), N. Y., March 2S, 1793. He entered Union col lege in his 15th year. and studied French, German, Hebrew, chemistry, and mineralogy. In 1817-18 he visited the mining region w. of the Mississippi, sent a collection of min crals and geological specimens to Washington, and wrote A View of the Lead Mines y Missouri, etc. (8vo, New York, 1819), and a narrative, since enlarged, entitled Scenes aml Adventures in the Semi-alpine Region of the Ozark Mountains of Missouri and Arkansas (Svo, Philadelphia, 1853). In 1820 he was appointed geologist of an exploring expedi tion to the copper regions of lake Superior and the upper Mississippi. He was after ward secretary of a commission appointed to investigate Indian claims and negotiate treaties, at Chicago. As the result of -these labors, lie made a report to the government, and wrote also Travels in the Central Portion of the MississippriValley (Svo, New York, 1825). In 1822 lie was appointed Indian agent for the north-western frontier, and estab lished himself at Sault Ste Marie. In he married Miss Johnston, granddaughter of an Indian chief. who had been educated in Europe. At this period, being in intimate relations with many Indian tribes, he devoted himself to the study of their history.and ethnology. From 1828 to 1839 lie was an active member of the legislature of Michigan territory, and founded its historical society, and the Algic society of Detroit. For his
lectures on the Indian langurges lie received the gold medal of the French institute. Adding poetry to science, he wrote: The Rise of the West; Geehale, an Indian Lament; Indian Melodies; Tlie Man of Bronze, or Portraitures of Indian Charaeter; loseo, or the Vale of No•ma; also a grammar of the Algonquin language. In 1832 lie was appointed to the command of an expedition which discovered the sources of the Mississippi, the NalTatire of which was published (Svo, New York, 1834). As superintendent and dis bursing agent for the Indians, he negotiated treaties by which the govermnent acquired lands to the extent of 16,000,000 acres. He visited Europe in 1842, and the following year he made a tour, chiefly for the observation of Indian indignities in western Virgins, Ohio, and Canada. In 1841 he collected the statistics of the Six nations, and published Notes on the Iroquois, etc. (8vo, Albany, 1848). In 1847 the United States congress authorized his publication of Historical and Statistical Information Concerning the Iris tory, Condition, and Prospects of the _Indian Tribes of the United States, in six rolumcs quarto, with, 330 plates be Major Eastman' and others (Philadelphia, 1851-57), Ile also! published Researches; Thirty Yearswith the Indian Tribes of the North-western tier; The Indian in his 1Vigiram, etc. In 1847 lie was married, for the second time, to Miss Ihward of Sonth Carolina. He died in