SALZBURG (anc. Juvavia), perhaps the most charmingly situated town in Germany, is the capital of the Austrian crown-land of the same name, and stands on both banks, but chiefly on the left bank, of the Salza, 190 m. w.s. w. of Vienna by railway. here the river, banked on both sides by precipitous crags, rushes through what seems to be a natural gateway, and tows northward to its junction with the Inn. The picturesque situation of the city is thus described by Wilkie: "It is Edinburgh castle and the OId Town brought within the cliffs of the Trosachs, and watered by a river like the Tay." The heights on either bank of the Salza are crowned with edifices. That on the left, called the Monchsberg, is surmounted by, the castle. called Ilohen-Salzburg, an irregular feudal citadel of the 11th c., and, during the middle aces, the residence of the arch bishops of Salzburg, who combined the dignity of princes of C•e German empire with their ecclesiastical rank. The castle itself is now dismantled. but still serves as a
barrack. A statue of Mozart (q.v.) adorns one of the squares. Opposite Monchsherg is the Capuzinerberg, with a convent. The cathedral, a large and beautiful Italian edifice, was built in the earls' part of time 17th century. The architectural taste of the arch bkhops has adorned the city with many beautiful edifices, chiefly in the Italian le. The city is surrounded by walls, here and there dismantled. and the bastions are for the most part in a state of decay. The city is the scat of an archbishop, and contains !miner ens libraries, museums, and educational and other institutions, among which is an upper gymnasium, and the •fozarteum. It carries on manufactures to some extent, is in communication with Vienna, Munich, and Innspruek by railway, and has a considerable transit-trade. Pop. '70, 14.615.