SCHWARZENBERG. a princely family of Germany, dates from 1420, when Erkinger Ton Sein.sheim purchased the lordship of Schwarzenberg in Franconia, and was raised (1429) by the emperor Sigismund to the dignity of baron of the empire. Two of this family' have acquired a European reputation; the first, ADAM, count of Schwarzenberg, who was born iu 1587, and became prime-nUnister and adviser of Georg-Wilhelm, electoZ of Brandenburg. ,He was all powerful during the Thirty Years' war, and brought down terrible calamities on his obstinate adherence the alliance with Aus tria against the Protestant league for which he was punished after the accession of the "great elector," in 1640, by being despoiled of his power, and imprisoned in the fortress of Spandau, where he died Mar. 17, 1641. The other, KARL Piumpp, prince of Schwarz euberg, was born at Vienna, April 15, 1771, first served against the Turks, and had risen to the grade of lieut. field-marshal in 1799, at which date he raised a regiment of Humans at his own cost. He was under the orders of Mack in the campaign of 1805, and com manded a division at Ulm; but when he saw that the battle was lost, he cut his way through the French army, and retired with his regiments to Eger, afterward taking part in the great battle of Austerlitz. He was ambassador at the Russian court in 1808, by the expresswish of the emperor Alekander; fought at Wagram in 1809; and after the treaty of Vicuna, conducted the negotiations preliminary to the matrimonial connection of Napoleon with the Hapsburg family; and both in this capacity and as ambassador at Paris, so gained the esteem of Napoleon, that the latter expressly demanded for him the post of general-in-chief of the Austrian contingent of 30,000 men which had been sent to aid France against Russia in 1812. Sehwarzenberg with his little army entered Rus sia from Galicia, passed the Bug, and achieved some slight successes, but was after ward driven into the "duchy of Warsaw" (see POLAND), and took up a position at Pultusk, where he concluded with the Russians an armistice which secured the French retreat. Schwarzenberg was much blamed for his dilatory conduct at the time; and his
tardiness, ascribed by the French historians to secret instructions from his own govern ment, has since been much animadverted iipon by them; but nevertheless Napoleon con cealed any dissatisfaction he might have felt, and demanded (1813) for him from 1,he Austrian government the baton of field-marshal. After a brief sojourn at Paris, Schwarz enberg was appointed to the command of the Austrian army of observation in Bohemia; and when Austria joined the allied powers, he became generalissimo of the armies of the coalition; gained the victory of Leipsic (q.v.), and introduced a cautious system of tac tics, which insured a pro,eressive hemming-in of the French, and in spite of their occa sional successes, coinplately wore them out. On the return of Napoleon from Elba, he obtained the command of the allied army On the upper Rhine, and a second time entered France. On his return to Vienna, he was made president of the imperial council for war, received an extensive-grant of lands in Hungary, and was allowed to engrave the imperial arms of Austria on his escutcheon. He died of apoplexy at Leipsic, Oct. 15,' 1820.—Ms nephew, FELIX LUDWIG JOHANNFREEDRICH, born Oct. 2, 1800, distinguished himself in the Italian campaign of 1848, was placed at the head of affairs in Vienna, called in the aid of the Russians against Hungary, and pursued a bold policy in Ger many. He died at Vienna, April 5, 1852.