SPOES (ant:). Ths of shoes was one of the earliest industries introduced into the American colonies, the town of Lyun, Mass., being noted for its practice from the time of the hindial. of the pilgrims. A letter from London, dated in 1629, refers to the sending of " on board the abtyffoicer, to two shoe-makers, who settled in Lynn. In 1835 there were 4,515 male, and 11,021 female operatives engaged in Lynn in the manufacture of shoes, producing to the value of $4,000,000, this being prior to the introduction of the use of machinery in the trade. In 1865, with the machinery then in use, 50 per cent more male and less than half as many female operatives pro ducal double this value. In 1S70 the production reached $17,000,000. [The displace ment of human labor in the shoe manufacture in the town of Lynn, by reason of the application of machinery, was 22 per cent in the case of the male, and 80 per cent in the case of the female, operatives.] The value of the shoe manufacture in Massachn
netts, Maine, and New Hampshire in 1874 was set down at $100,000,000; that of New York city at $10,009,000. The importation of boots and shoes in 1874 amounted in value to less than $30,000; and the exportation to less than $450,000. The business of -shoe-making was revolutionized in the ten years between 1861-71; the introduction. of machinery which applied to every portion of the manufacture, haying occurred within that period. The most important in use are the pegging machine; McKay sewing machine; Goodyear welt machine; cal le-screw, wire, and wire-tacking machines, etc. The sale of stamps (royalty) of the McKay machine increased from $38,7-16 in 1863 to $529,973 in 1873; in 1874 there were 1200 of these machines in use in the United States.
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