TU'BINGEN, an important t. of Wurtemberg, in the circle of the Black forest, 20 m. s.s.w. of Stuttgart, is &tinned on the Necker, at the influx of the Steinlach. in one of the most beautiful and fertile districts of the Oberland. Ttibingen is an old place, irregularly built, with steep and narrow streets in the main; but the suburbs, especially round about the new university, are very pleasant. Westward from Thhingen i, the Schloss, built by duke Ulrich in 1535. Book-printing, book-selling, working in copper, weaving, bleaching, trading in field-produce, wine, and fruits, form the principal of employment. Tubingen has th•f P-ntrstant churrhec and one Catholic church, a Bible society, a chamber of manufactures, and various educational and benevolent insti tutions But it owes its colt 'city wholly to its university. Founded in 1477 by Eber hard im Bart, afterward first duke of Wilrtemberg, the university of Tubingen soon became a distinguished seat of learning, enjoyed for a time the presence of Reuchlin (q.v.), and Melanchthon (q.v.), and continued to flourish long after the reformation had
firmly established itself. The thirty years' war, however, fatally checked its prosperity; and it was not till the early part of the present century that it began to reacquire a reputation. Under Baur (q. v.) it has recently become celebrated as a school of historico philosophical theology, known as the " school," the influence of which on the development of religions thought has been very great, and is likely to prove permanent. The university has six faculties, above 80 professors and teachers, a library of 200,000 vols. (located in duke Ulrich's Schloss). and is attended annually by from 700 to 850 students, of whom between 200 anti 300 are foreigners. Connected with it are an anatomical and physical institute, a botanical garden, a chemical laboratory, a collection of zoology and comparative anatomy, one of minerals, one of coins and antiquities, fencing, gymnastic, and swimming schools, etc Pop. of Tubingen '71, 9,343.