The section artiodactyla comprises those ungulates in which the number of toes is even, either two or four. The dorso-lumbar vertebrw are nineteen in number, and the femur has no third trochanter. If horns are present, they are always in pairs, and are supported by bony horn-cores. The antlers of the deer are also paired, but they are not regarded as true horns. The stomach is always more or less complex, or is divided into separate compartments, and the cwcum, unlike that in the previous section, is small and simple. This section comprises the-hippotamus (q.v.), the pigs, see HOG; the whole group of ruminants, see RIIMINANTIA, including the ox (q.v.), sheep (q.v.), goat (q.v.), antelope (q.v.), camel (q.v.), llama (q.v.), giraffe (q.v.), deer (q.v.), and others. Besides these there is an extensive series of fossil forms, commencing in the eocene formation, and passing into miocene, Pliocene, and recent. The sub-section omnicora comprises the following families: 1. Hippopotamida, containing the single genus hippotamus, hav 2 -3 & ing dental formula, i 1-1 " c 11 pm en =40. Fam. 2. Ida (q.v.), com
4-4 3-3 prising the pigs and peccaries (q.v.). The permanent dental formula in the boar (sus 3 scrofa) is: i 3 c pm m But a young pig up to its third year 3-3' 1-1' 3-3' 3-3 has four premolars and three molars on each side. Fain. 3. Anoplothotheridce, of eocene and miocene, is regarded by many modern paleontologists as a transition stage between the swine and the ruminants. In anoplotherium, the body is slender, provided with a long tail, and the feet terminated by two toes each, sometimes with the addition of small accessory hoofs. The dentition is remarkable in having no diastema between the canine and molar teeth, thus forming an uninterrupted series. The dental formula is . 3 3 1 4 4 33 t c pm m = 44. Fam. 4. Oreodonticice (q.v.). The last section of 3-3' 1-1' 4-4' 3-3 artiodactyle ungulates is the great group ruminantia, to which reference has been L...de in this and other articles.