THRON'DHIEN, or TRONDITJEM (Ger. Dronth,eim),the ancient Nidaros, and former capi tal of Norway, is situated iu the Fjord of Throndhjem at the mouth of the little river Nid, 240m. n. of Christiania; pop. '75 22,597. Throndhjem which consists of the old town, founded in 997, and the suburbs of Blakland and lien, is built on the picturesque and un dulating slopes of the Nid and has regular and broad streets The fortified islands of Munkholm and Christiansteen defend the capacious harbor, which is never closed by frost on the seaward side. Among the public buildings the most noteworthy are the Kongens-Gaard, or old palace, and St. Olaf's church, the remains of the old cathedral, now partially restored, built in the 12th century, by archbishop Oeysteen, who erected this noble Gothic pile on the site of the two early Christian churches which had been founded by Harald Haardrade and Olaf II. The fine western extremity of the nave was not completed till 1243. The body of the murdered St. Olaf was preserved within a costly shrine in the chancel of Christ church, which ranked as the metropolitan church of Norway, where the kings of Norway have been crowned since the time of Magnus V. (1164). T•ondhjem is the sea of government for the province and of a bishopric, and has a public exchange, the principal national bank, a public library, museum, various literary and scientific institutions, an institution for the deaf and dumb, an insane asy lum, etc. The chief articles of trade are fish, tar, deal, and copper, which is obtained
from the neighboring mines of Horos. Salted cod and herrings, which are found in large quantities at the entrance of Throndhjem Fjord, are important articles of export. Besides its shipping and coasting trade Throndhjem is the center of considerable manu facturing activity, and has good sugar-refineries, distilleries, etc. The environs of Throndhjem are picturesque. and its position is one of considerable attraction, notwith standing the high northern latitude (63° 25'); while the numerous historical events with which it is associated render it one of the most interesting towns iu the Scandinavian kingdoms. The preponderance of wooden houses has somewhat diminished of late years, and the local authorities are endeavoring to enforce the use of stone for building purposes, in consequence of the frequent occurrence of great fires.