ZIIMALA-CARREGUY, DON TOMAS, the most distinguished of the generals who sup ported the cause of Don Carlos during the Spanish civil war of 1833-40, was born iu 1789 at Ormaiztegua, in the Biscayan province of Guipuzcoa. Of an aristocratic, though not wealthy family, he was deeply imbued from infancy with royalist senti meats, which gathered strength with increasing years, till they led him, like the Vendean leaders, to sacrifice fortune and life for a prince wholly unworthy of such devotion. At the time of the invasion of the peninsula by Napoleon, Zumala was a student of law at Pampeluna, and like many of the Spanish youth, he deserted his studies to take up arms against the invader, serving in Mina's corps till the close of the war. He afterward served under Quesada in the "army of the faith ;" and on the re-establishment of absolu tism, was raised to the rank of col., and appointed governor of Ferrol. Ile displayed excellent -administrative qualities; but his decided to the party of the Carlistc, (though he repelled indignantly all proposals to, proclaim leaning Carlos king during the life of Ferdinand VII.) becoming known, he was tried by a council of war, and acquitted. In 1832, when the army was purged of all officers suspected of Carlism, Zumala was dismissed, and retired to Pampeluna, where he lived in retirement till the death of Ferdinand and the rising of the Basque population called him to head the Carlist insurrection (Oct. 11, 1833). His motley army was without uniform, ill fed, and ill paid; yet the profound esteem in which "el Tio Tomas" was held by his followers enabled him to maintain an effective discipline. The overwhelming superiority in num ber of the Christinos, however, forced him to adopt a defensive system of tactics; so, holding the command of Biscay and Navarre, and the strongholds of Fuenterrabia and Irun, to assure his retreat into France, if necessary, he kept his opponents at bay, defeated Hodil iu the valley of Amescoas (Aug. 1, 1834), routed another force of Chris
tinos at Viana (Sept. 7), gained a second victory in the Amescoas valley in the following spring, completely defeating Valdez, after a battle of four days, and routed Iriarte near anemic*. These brilliant successes of his skillful and devoted partisan' flattered the too sanguine and soineWhat weak-minded Don Carlos with the hope of speedily seating him self on the throne, rendered him less willing than formerly to be guided by the counsels of Zumala, and led him to interfere with the latter's schemes, to his own detriment. Accordingly, after _another year's successful fighting with the Christinos, Zumala was ordered to lay siege to Bilbao; but on June 15, 1835, he received a gun-shot wound so severe that he died ten days afterward. With Zurnala's death, all hope of success for the Carlists was extinguished; and though the war dragged on desultorily for some years longer, the result was never doubtful. Zumala was as distinguished for generosity and disinterestedness as for fidelity; and so much had he impoverished himself by liberality to his soldiers, that neither his wardrobe nor his treasury supplied the means for his decent interment.—Sce Henningsen's Twelve .3fonths' Campaign with Zurnala-Carreguyin 11aturn and the Basque Provinces (2 vols., Loud. 1836).