WAGRABL or DEUTSCII-WAGRAM, a village of lower Austria, on the left bank of the Russbacli, 10 in. n.e. by e. from Vienna, is of little importance, except as the site of the great battle between the French and Austrians in the campaign of 1809, which forced Austria to bow before Napoleon, and submit to the onerous conditions of the fourth treaty of Vienna (q.v.). After the capture of Vienna, Napoleon resolved to pass the Danube. and complete the prostration of Austria's military strength by the destruction of her last army—that under the archduke Charles; and with this view, he called in the Italian army, under Eugene Beaubarnois, and all his outlying corps, concentrating them in and about the island of Lobau; and after a few feints, calculated to mislead the arch duke, who, stationed on the n. bank, was vigilantly guarding the various crossings. suc ceeded in effecting a most extraordinary passage, on the morning of July 5, 1809, from the island of Lobau to the n. hank, opposite Enzersdorf, landing 150,000 infantry, 30,000 cavalry, and 600 pieces of cannon before six in the morning. 1Vhen the morning light showed the Austrians how they had been out-maneuvered, they retreated across the plain of the March-field to its northern extremity, and took up a formidable position at Wagram, and being closely followed up, were, on the evening of July 5, attacked by a part of the French army. By the vigorous exertions of the archduke in person, the
assailants—after a temporary success—were completely repulsed, and the Austrians, exulting in their second victory over Napoleon, waited in sanguine expectation the events of the next day. In the morning, the archduke resolved to assume the offensive, and succeeded at first in defeating the French center under Massena, and in forcing their left into inextricable confusion, followed by total rout; but at the same time his own left was turned by Davoust, and this success followed up by a successful attack of Macdonald on their,center, forced the Austrians to retreat, which they did in the most orderly manner, carrying with them 5,000 prisoners, and leaving 25,000 dead or wounded on the field of battle—the French loss being about equal. This drawn battle (the archduke having, as Savary says, "in reality no reason for retiring") had all the moral effects of a victory for the French; and was followed on July 11 by the armistice of Znaim, which resulted in the fourth treaty of Vienna.