WITTENBERG, a t. of Prussian Saxony, stands on tpe Elbe, 55 m. s.w. of Berlin. It is no longer a fortified place, though till 1873 it was a fortress of the third rank. It is interesting as having been the capital of the electorate of Upper Saxony, as the cradle of the reformation, and as containing the remains of the reformers Luther and Me lanchthon. The once famous university, in which Luther was professor, and mentioned by Shakespeare as the school where Hamlat studied, is now removed and incorporated with that of Halle. In the Stadt-Eirche are two remarkable but poor pictures supposed to he by their contemporary and friend Cranach, in one of which Melanehtlion is repre sented as dispensing the sacrament of baptism. and Luther as preaching to a, congrega tion, of which the two foremost figures are his wife and son. In the Schloss-Kirclie are the tombs of Luther and Melanchthon, as well as those of Frederick the wise (with a noble bronze statue by Viseher) and John, electors of Saxony. Upon the doors of this
church—burned down by the French, but replaced by )thers of metal—Luther hung up his 95 theses against the papal doctrine of indulgences. The house of the great reformer, containing his chair, table, etc., and two portraits of him by Cranach, remains almost unaltered. The houses of Melanchthon and Cranach are also shown. In fla market-place is a bronze statue of Luther by Schadow, not far from which is also one of Melanchthon; and outside the Elster gate, a spot is pointed out where Luther burned the papal hull. Manufactures of woolen and linen goods, hoisery, and leather are car• tied on. Brandy is distilled, and beer brewed. Pop. '75, 12,479.