We have in the foregoing sketch mainly followed Haug, the facile princepa of Zend studies in these days; but we have also taken into account the views of Windischmann, Spiegel, and other prominent investigators, and principally by quoting the words of the sacred sources themselves, when feasible, put our readers in a position to judge on the main points for themselves. We cannot, however, do better than thus briefly summa rize, in conclusion, the principal doctrines of Zoroaster, as drawn from a certain speech (contained in the Gallas), which, iu all probability, emanates from Zoroaster himself.
"1. Everywhere in the world, a duality is to be perceived, such as the good and the evil, light and darkness; this life and that life, human wisdom and divine wisdom. 2. Only this life becomes a prey of death, but not that hereafter, over which the destruc tive spirit has no power. 3. In the universe, there are from the beginning two spirits at work, the one making life, the other destroying it. 4. Both these spirits are accom panied by intellectual powers, representing the ideas of the Platonic system on which the whole moral world rests. They cause the struggle between good and evil, and all the conflicts in the world, which end in the final victory of the good principle. 5. The
principal duty of man in this life is to obey the word and commandments of God. 6. Disobedience is punished with the death of the sinner. 7. Ahuramazda created the idea of the good, but is not identical with it. This idea produced the good mind, the Divine Spirit, working in man and nature, and devotion—the obedient heart. 8. The Divine Spirit cannot he resisted. 9. Those who obey the word of God will be free from all defects, and immortal. 10. God exercises his rule in the world through the works prompted by the Divine Spirit, who is working in man and nature. 11. Men should pray to God and worship him. He hears the prayers of the good. 12. All men live solely through the bounty of God. 13. The soul of the pure will hereafter enjoy ever lasting life; that of the wicked will have to undergo everlasting punishment—i.e., as modern Parsee theologians explain, to the day of the resurrection. 14. All creatures are Ahnramazda's. 15. He is the reality of the good mind, word, and deed." See PARSEES,