Besides employing money in discounting bills, the Scottish banks grant loans of fluctuating amount, called or ea7111-creelik By a cash-account is signified a process whereby an individual is entitled to draw out sums as required, to a stipulated amount, and by an implied condition to make deposits at his convenience towards the liquidation of the same. On entering into this arrangement, he finds security to the bank that he will repay to the bank, whenever called on, the balance of sums drawn out, less those paid in, with the interest that may be due. These accounts are balanced yearly, like current or deposit accounts. The only difference between the latter and a cash-account on the face of them is, that if the credit allowed on the cash-account is being made use of, the balance is in favor of the bank; whereas, on the other kind of accounts, the balance Is in favor of the bank's customer.
Dinka in/mkt:ad.—There are nine joint-stock banks, having 448 branches and sub branches. Their authorized issue is £6,054,494; of which .£3,738,428 islhat of the bank of Ireland. It is a national bank, lending £2,630.769 of its capital to government. It was established in 1783, with privileges resembling those of the bank of England. Its capital is and its rest £1,034,000: The capitals of the other banks vary frt.ra
£250,000 to £1,500,000, and the total capital of the joint stock banks in Ireland is £6,09, 230. Six are banks of issue. The amount of deposits in the joint stock banks in Ireland in 1878 was £31,745,000; in 1858 it was only £22,163,599. Interest is allowed on money deposited for a stated period, but not money at call, or as a rule on current accounts. There are also three private banking firms in Dublin.
Foreign and Colonial Banke.—On the continent of Europe, there are both national or incorporated banks and private banks. The national banks are, to a greater or lesser extent, government establishments, managing the public debt and finances, and, unlike the bank of England, subject to government influence or interference. In India and the British colonies, there are joint-stock banks and private bankers. The joint-stock banks of Australia are establishments of magnitude. The United States of America are overrun with banks. Insufficient capital, reckless management, and the smallness of the reserve kept, have frequently led to the suspension of payments of these banks. At all times the number of forgeries of bank-notes in the United States is very consider able, and great caution requires to be exercised in accepting notes as payment.