BEAUHARNAIS, Euokxs: DE, Viceroy of Italy during the reign of Napoleon I., and afterwards duke of Leuehteaberg. and prince of Eiehstadt, was b. Sept. 3. 1781, and was the son of the viscount Beauharnais. After his mother's marriage with Bonaparte, he accompanied him in his campaigns in Italy, and in the expedition to Egypt. He rapidly rose to the highest military rank; and in 1805, after the erection of the imperial throne, he was made a prince of France and viceroy of Italy. In 1806, he married the princess Amalie Augusta of Bavaria, and not long afterwards was created prince of `Venice, and declared by Napoleon his adoptive son, and heir of the kingdom of Italy. Although his political power was much limited, he conducted himself in Italy with much prudence, energy, and moderation, and in all the various scenes of his life main tained an honorable and virtuous character. It is to be regretted, however, that he considered himself so entirely a vassal of Napoleon, and bound to carry out the often harsh decrees of the latter iu regard to Italy. His military talents were great, and were dkplayed particularly in the Italian campaigns, in the wars against Austria, and in the retreat from Moscow, in which the preservation of the French army from total destruc tion was very much to be ascribed to the skill and resolution of the viceroy and of Ney. The victory of Lfitzen was decided by his conduct in that battle. Napoleon sent hint from Dresden to Italy, which he ably defended, even after Austria had joined the coali tion, and Murat had deserted the cause of the French empire. After the fall of Napo
leon, he entered into a convention with count Bellegarde. In the affairs of the Hundred Days, he took no part; and in the treaty of Fontainebleau and congress of Vienna, he was allowed to retain his possessions in the March of Ancona; and large sums were granted to hint in compensation for his other Italian possessions, with which he pur chased front his father-in-law the landgraviate of Leuchtenberg and prin6pality of Eich stack, and took his place as duke of Lenchtenberg among the nobles of Bavaria. He d. at Munich on the 21st of Feb., 1824.—Ilis eldest son, Charles Augustus Napoleon, duke of Leuchteuberg, married the queen Donna Maria of Portugal on the 25th of Jan., 1835, hut d. on the 25th of Mar. in the same year.—Another son, Max Eugne Joseph Napoleon, who succeeded his brother as duke of Leueldenherg, married the grand duchess Maria Nikolajewna, a daughter of the emperor Nicholas of Russia; and his children bear the name of Romanowski, and are ranked among the members of the Russian imperial family. He d. 1st Nov., 1852, of disease of the lungs, consequent upon a scientific tour in the Ural. He was a zealous mineralogist, and left large collec tions, which are preserved at St. Petersburg.