BOCKENHEIM, a manufacturing t. in Germany, 1 m. from Frankfort, on the Main and Weser railroad; pop. '71, 8176.
BoCKH, AUGUSTUS, the most erudite classical antiquary of Germany in recent times, was b. Nov. 24th, 1785, at Carlsrulle, and entered the university of Halle in 1S03. The prelections of %Volf determined him to the science of philology. Ilis first publication was in Platonic gui rulgo fertur Minoem (Halle, 1806). In 1808, appeared his Gruel Tragtrlim Principum, Sophnclis, Euripielis. nuns ea gear supersunt et genuinaamnis sin( In 1809, he became ordinary professor of the university of Heidel berg; and in 1811, he was translated to the chair of rhetoric and ancient literature, at Berlin, where he taught for upwards of 40 years. forming many excellent scholars, and extending his reputation through all the learned circles of Europe. His conception of philology as an organically constructed whole, which aims at nothing short of an intel lectual reproduction of antiquity, excited for a long time great opposition among his professional contemporaries, but it undoubtedly gave an impetus to a deeper study of the old classical world. His lectures include not merely a graminatico-historleal inter pretation of the ancient authors, but also arehteology proper, the history of ancient literature, philosophy, politics, religion, and social life. The four great works of I3. which have, in fact. opened up new paths in the study of antiquity, are, first, his edition of Pindar (2 vols., Leip. 1811-22), in which the meter and rhythm of the poet. as well as
his artistic skill, are investigated and discussed with profound knowledge of the subject. 2d, The Political Economy of AMens (2 vols., Berlin, 1817), a work which remains unsur passed for subtle research, surprising results, and clear exposition. It treats of the prices of goods, rate of workmen's wages, rent of houses and land, and other points of commercial economy as well as of the larger questions of the state income and expendi ture. It has been translated into English by Sir George Cornewall Lewis, under the title of The Puh.Tic Econonoy of Athens (Loud. 2d edit. revised, 1842). 3d, Inrcstigatums concerning the Weights, Coins, and Mtasures of Antiquity (Berl. 1838). 4th, Records of the Maritime Affairs (f Attica (Berl. 1840). The most important of his lesser works the Development of the Doctrines of Philola vs, the Pythagorean, his edition of the of Sophoeles, and a Dissertation on the Silrer Mines of Laurion in Attica. B. has also the honor of havingcommenced, in 1824, the great work entitled Corpus Inseriptionurn Gracarum, published at the expense of the royal academy of Berlin, which was after wards continued first by Franz, and then by Kirchhoff. In 1852, appeared his Researches on the Cosmical $ysttnt of Plato; in 1855, ?he Lunar the Greeks; and, in 1863, On the Four-year Solar Cycles of the.. Ancants. He died in 1867.