BOUILLE, Ft:Am:ors Cratair.; Astoun, 3Iarquis de, a distinguished French gen., was b. in 1739, at tlic castle of CluseL.in. Auvergne, entered the army at the age of 14. and served with distinction in Germany during the seven years' war. In 1768, he was appointed governor of the island of Gundalonpe, rind on the seeming approach of war with 13ritain, ha was made governor-general of Martinique and 'St. Lucia, and commander-in-chief of all the French forces in the West Indies. When th -war really broke. out in 1778, he took the island of Dominica from the British,the whole gar rison falling into his hands. In conjunction with admiral De Grasse, he took Tobago in 1781; and after De Grasse's departure, the British islands of St. Eustatius, rs7aba, and St. Martin. 'file humanity and generosity which he displayed were equal to his valor and skill. In 178•, 13. captured the islands of St. •hristoller's and Nevis. For this he was rewarded with the rank of lieut.-gen. In 1784, he visited England, amt was received with extraordinary respect. Louis XVI. nominated him a member of the assembly of notables in 1787-88; in 1790, lie was made commander-in-chief of the army of the Meuse, the Saar, and the Moselle. Ilis decision of character prevented the
dissolution of the army and the-outbreak.of civil war; he also quelled the insurrection of the garrison of Metz and of the three regiments at Nancy. For this he received the thanks of the national assembly and of the king. For his share in the attempted escape of Louis .XVI. he had to flee from France. De repaired to Coblenz to the king's brothers, and in 1791 attended the conference at Pilnitz. In the same year lie entered into the service of Gustavus III. of Sweden, iuid after the assassination of that monarch. he served in the corps of the prince of Condi.. Ile rejected a proposal which the Frei:OH:rim:es made to him in 1793, that lie should take the chief command in La VentVe; and went to England, where his advice in West Indian affairs was useful to the government, and where he wrote his ..111-moires rpm to lrrolution truthful and useful work, throwing much light on the transactions of that time. Ile died in London in 1S00. •