It has already been stated that the founder of 'lie Orleans or younger branch of the B. royal family of France, was Philip, duke of Orleans (q.v.), the younger brother of Louis XIV. lie d. in 1701, leaving, by his second marriage with Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, a son of his own name as his heir, who was regent of France (luring the minority of Louis XV. His son. Louis Philippe. duke of Orleans (b. 1703), married a princess of Baden, and died in 1752, leaving an only son. of his own name (b. 1725, d. 1785), whose son and heir was that Louis Joseph Philippe, duke of Orleans (q.v.), so notable in the French revolution, who in 1792 renounced his rank, taking the name of Citizen Egalit(s and died by the guillotine in 1793. Ile left four children: 1. Louis Philippe (q.v.), who, before the revolution, was styled duke of Chartres—that beiug the ordinary tide of the eldest sou of the Orleans Lundy—became afterwards duke of Orleans, was king of the French from 1830 to 1848, and d. in Emslaud on the 26th of Aug., 1850; 2. the duke de Montpensier, who died in England in 1807; 3. the count de I3eaujolais, who died at .Malta in 1808; 4. Adelaide, styled Mademoiselle d'Orleaus, b. 1777, d. 1847.—Louis Philippe left a numerous family by his queen, Amelia of Naples; but bis eldest son, Ferdinand, duke of Orleans, lost his life by an accident cm the 13th. of July, 1842, leaving by his wife, the princess Helen of Meeklenburg-Schwerin, two sons, the eldest of whom, Louis Philippe Albert, now styled count of Paris, is the repre sentative of the younger or Orleans II. family.—Concerning the other members of Louis Philippe's family, see the article Loots Plumpest.
Louis XIV. having succeeded 01 placing his grandson, Philip, duke of Anjou, on the throne of Spain, in 1500, as Philip V., this prince became the founder of the Spanish 13. dynasty, as well as of the B. dynasties of Naples, Parma, and Piacenza. These dynas ties endured only a temporary overthrow from the policy and arms of Napoleon Bona parte. Philip V. was succeeded on the Spanish throne by his son, Ferdinand VI., who died without issue in 1759, and the crown fell to his brother, Charles III., whose son and successor, Charles IV., was compelled to resign it hi 1608, in favor of a successor nominated by Napoleon, and died at home in 1811. The two eldest sons of Charles IV. by his marriage with 3Iaria Louisa of Parma were-1. Don Fernando, prince of Astu rias, who. after the overthrow of Napoleon, ascended the Spanish throne as Ferdinand VII. (q.v.), and whose eldest daughter reigned till 1868; 2. Don Carlos (q.v.), who, on the death of his elder brother in 1833, became pretender to the Spanish throne until 1845, when he resigned his pretensions in favor of his son, count de Montt:muffin He died at Trieste, 1655. The count de Monttamolin died in 1861, and his claims to the
Zspanish throne are now represented by his nephew, Don Carlos, son of his brother Juan.
Philip V. did not succeed in keeping possession of the crown of the Two Sicilies (see NAPLES) as of that of Spain; the house of Hapsburg being- restored there in the person of a son of Leopold I., who in 1720 ascended the throne as Charles III. But in conse quence of the peace of Vienna, the son of Philip V. became king of the Two Sicilies, likewise by the name of Charles III. Upon his accession to the throne of Spain in 1759, he gave up that of Sicily to his third son, Don Fernando, called Ferdinand IV., with the express stipulation that it should never again be occupied by a king of Spain. Fer dinand IV. was compelled to yield to the French arms in 1806; but after the overthrow of Napoleon, he became king of the Two SiciIics as Ferdinand I. (q.v.). Ills son, Francis I., left the throne in 1830 to his son Ferdinand H. (q.v.), whose son, Francis II., was expelled in 1860, when Naples vas incorporated with the new kingdon of ltalv.
I3v the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, Austria made over the duchies of Parma and Piacenza to Don Philip, the youngest son of Philip V. of Spain, but with stipuia lion of their reversion to Austria on the failure of his male descendants, or on his suc ceeding to the throne of Spain. Ile was succeeded in 1765 by his son, Ferdinand L. whose son, the hereditary prince Charles Louis Ferdinand. was made king of Etruria in 1801, under the guardianship of his mother, Maria Louisa of Spain; but Etruria being soon incorporated with France, they were completely dispossessed. The congress of Vienna assigned Parma and Piacenza for life to Maria Louisa of Austria, the spouse of Napoleon. but meanwhile indemnified Maria Louisa of Spain with the duchy of Lucca. In 1847, Parma and Piacenza reverted to the B. familv, in the person of the former king of Etruria, Charles Louis de 13., who had succeeded his mother in Lucca in 1824. He abdicated on Mar. 14. 1849, and was succeeded as duke of Parma and PlaCC117-.1 by his son, Charles III., and he in 1854 by his son Bohert—born 1848—whose mother, Maria Louisa, Theresa de 13., daughter of the duke of Berri, then became regent of the duchies. The 13. family lost these duchies in 1859. See ITALY and PARMA: and see Coifiler-Demoret, du Bourboanat's (1828); Achaintre, Ristoire Chronologitive et de to Matson Royale de Bourbon (1825); also histories by Mure (Par. 166048) and Dussieux (1869).