BRIINELLESCHI, Frurro, one of the greatest Italian architects, was b. at Florence, in 1377. He first learned the art of a goldsmith; next, that of a sculptor; and finally, devoted himself to architecture. He also studied zealously both mechanical and mathe matical science, and is reckoned the first who established, on a sound basis, the theory of perspective. When still a young man, B. went to Rome, where he acquired a pro found knowledge of ancient architecture, the result of which was that two ideas com pletely possessed his mind: the one was to revive the ancient style of architecture; the otherwas, to make himself master of the mechanical knowledge of the ancient architects. In 1407, he returned to Florence. In 1420, it was proposed to complete the structure of the cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, founded in 1290, and now only wanting a dome. A great assembly of architects from all quarters was convened to determine how it might be practicable to cover the vast octangular area. While the debate was going on,
B. was earnestly elaborating his own designs; but when he first came forward and pro posed his plan, it was so ill received, on account of its supposed absurdity, that B. was "lifted off his legs, and carried out of the room." He, however, obstinately persisted in explaining his scheme, and at last succeeded in convincing every one of its feasibility. The work was intrusted to him, and finished, with the exception of the lantern, with which lie intended to crown the whole, but was prevented by his death in 1411. B.'s dome, measured diametrically, is the largest in the world, and served as a model to Michael Angelo for that of St. Peter's.. Besides this eluf-d'ccurre, B. executed several other great works, such as the churches of San Spirito and San Lorenzo, as well as the designs for the Pitti palace, which originated the beautiful style of Tuscan palace-architec ture in the 15th century.