BROGLIE. ACHILLE LEONCE VICTOR CHARLES, Due de, 1785-1870; a peer of France. The family was Piedmontese, but won distinction in the armies of France. The first marshal de B. served under Louis XIV.; his son reached the highest grade of the French peerage; the second marshal commanded in the seven years war, was made a prince of the empire, and by Louis XVI. made commander-in-chief. He refused to serve under Napoleon, and died in voluntary exile. His son followed Lafayette to America, but soon returned, served on the staff in the republican army of the Rhine, was denounced, arrested, and guillotined, June 27, 1701. His injunction to his son (the subject of this sketch, then but 9 years old) was to remain faithful to liberty even though she were ungrateful and unjust. " His father murdered, his mother in prison, his property confiscated and plundered, the young de Broglie first appears in life in wooden shoes and a red cap of liberty, begging an assignat from the younger Robespierre." Yet he adhered to the cause for which his father died, and maintained through life-the princi ples of 1789, seeming to have forgotten even his rank until reminded of it by a summons to the chamber of peers. Early in life he was one of Napoleon's council of state. With high rank, independent fortune, unblemished integrity, unflinching patriotism, and a sincere and consistent attachment to liberal opinions, R entered the chamber iu 1815, just before he was 30 years old. His first opportunity was on the trial of marshal Nev, and he alone had the courage to speak and vote for acquittal on the ground that the marshal was not guilty of premeditated treason. During the restoration he was active in the defense of liberal opinions and measures, opposing the reactionary policy of the court, and acting with the doctrinaires, of whom Guizot was the ablest representative. In 1816, be married lime. de Stael's (laughter. About the same time he became an
ally of Clarkson and Wilberforce in the cause of the emancipation of negroes from slavery. In Louis Philippe's first cabinet he reluctantly took the bureau of public wor ship, and in 1832, upon strong urging, became Cassimir Perier's successor as minister of foreign affairs, in which office he strengthened the bonds between France and Eng land, negotiated the quadruple alliance, assisted in settling the Belgian and Greek ques tions, and labored with success to preserve the peace of 'Europe. In 1835, he was the head of the cabinet, and, riding beside the king when Ficschi's attempt at regicide was made, B. received one of the bullets through his coat collar. He retired permanently from public life in 1836. Though not in office, B. preserved through life close personal and political friendship with Guizot. The overthrow of the constitutional monarchy in 1848 was a severe blow to the duke; but he consented to sit in the republican assem blies, and labored to counteract some of what he deemed to be the evils of universal suffrage and to avert the coup d'état which he saw was impending. When it came he was conspicuous as one of the bitterest enemies of the imperial regime, though he admitted that an empire was " the government which the poorer classes of France desired, and the rich deserved." His last 20 years were devoted to philosophical and literary pursuits. With regard to the future, he said: " I shall die a penitent Christian and an impenitent liberal." Ile was a member of the academy and other societies, in whose labor he took assiduous interest. He was succeeded by Albert de 13. his eldest son. also of literary distinction, who has had a prominent part since 1871 in the national assembly, and was for some time the head of marshal MacMalion's cabinet.