BUFORD, Jorrs, 1826-63; b. Ky.; graduate of West Point, was capt. of dragoons in 1839. In the war of the rebellion he served on the union side, and was one of the most conspicuous and useful of cavalry officers, participating in many engagements, in one of which he was wounded. He rose to maj.gen. of volunteers.
BUG, a name applied to a large family of insects, cimicidce, of the order herniptera (q.v.), suborder lteteroptera, and often still further extended in its signification so as to include the whole of that suborder, the insects of the section geoeorisce being designated land-bugs, and those of the section hydrucorkr, water-bugs, the latter including water scorpions, boat-flies, etc. All these insects, and particularly the land-bugs, although some of them are radiant in beautiful colors, have a strong resemblance in form and structure to the annoying and disgusting house B. or bed B. (cimez lectularius) The statement that this insect was introduced into England with timber brought from America to rebuild London after the great fire of 1666, must be rejected as erroneous; for although it appears to have been comparatively rare in England, it was well known in some parts of Europe long before that time, and is mentioned by Dioscorides. The bed B. is destitute of wings—an anomalous peculiarity, as the insects of its order, and even of the same family, are generally furnished with them. The body is very flat, of a somewhat oval form; the whole insect is of a dirty rust color, emits an offensive odor, and is about three sixteenths of an inch in length; the legs are moderately long, and capable of being employed for pretty rapid motion; the antennae are thread-like and very slender, about half the length of the body; the mouth is formed fop suction alone. and is furnished with a sort of proboscis, which is three-jointed, forms a sheath for the true sucker, and when not in use is recurved under the head and thorax. The B. lurks dining the day in crevices of walls, of bedsteads, and of other furniture, but is suf ficiently active during the night; and when it finds opportunity, sucks blood until it distends itself. It seems, however, to be capable of subsisting long without food. Young bugs resemble their parents in most things, except size and the want of clytra, insects of this order not undergoing such marvelous transformations as those of some other orders. The best preventive of bugs in a house is scrupulous attention to cleanli
ness; but where the nuisance ,exists, it is not easily removed, and various means are employed for this purpose, of which one of the best and safest is thorough washing with spirit of turpentine, although recourse is even had to washing with a solution of corrosive sublimate.—Other species of B. (than.) suck the blood of some of the inferior vertebrate animals, as pigeons, swallows, bats, etc.; but the greater number of insects of the B. family live by sucking the juices of vegetables. A small species (tingis pyri), which sucks the leaves of the pear-tree, is very destructive in some parts of Europe, where it is popularly called the tiger. Some of these winged wood-bugs or field-hugs• are capable of inflicting very painful wounds. Flying-bugs, " enormous and fetid," are among the pests of India. Night is the time of their activity. Warm countries goner ally have winged bugs of great size and beauty; but if touched or irritated, they " exhale an odor that, once perceived, is never after forgotten." A winged B., as large as a cock chafer, lodges in the thatch and roofing of houses in Chili, and sallies forth at night, like the bed B., to suck blood, of which it takes as much as a common leech.—It is worthy of notice that a species of field 13. (acanthosoma grisea), a native of Britain, is one of the few insects that have yet been observed to show affection and attention to their young. De Geer observed the female of this species, which inhabits the birch-tree, con ducting a family of thirty or forty young ones as a hen does her chickens, showing great uneasiness when they seemed to be threatened with danger, and waiting by them instead of trying to make her own escape.
BUG, or BOG. There are two rivers of this name in Russian Poland. The Western B., the largest tributary of the Vistula, rises iu Austrian Galicia, and after a course of about 450 English miles, and receiving numerous tributaries, it joins the Vistula at the fortress of Modlin, near Warsaw. It is navigable for a considerable distance. The Eastern B., the Hypanis of the ancients, rises in Podolia, and flows s. into the estuary of the Dnieper. Its length is more than 400 miles. It is navigable for stnall-craft as far as Wosnessensk. At the junction of the Ingul with the B,, stands the city of Nico !slew (q.v.).