CAMPO SANTO (holy field) is now the Italian designation for a cemetery or burying ground, but more especially foran inclosed place of intermeut, surrounded internally by an arcade, and destined to receive the remains of persons of distinction. The most famous C. S., and that frotn which the others derived the name, is that of Pisa—in the neighborhood of the Dome, and consecrated to the memory of men who had deserved web of the republic. It was founded by archbishop Ubaldo, towards the end of the 12th century. The archbishop, having been driven out of Palestine by Saladin, brought his fifty-three vessels, which had been destined for the conquest, laden witli the earth of the 11o1' Land. This he deposited ou the spot which was thence called the holy field, and whteh, as we have said, gave its name as a generic term to the burying-grounds of Italy. The architect of the existing building was Giovanni Pisano, under whose super intendence it was completed in 1283. It contains an area of 400 ft. in length, and 118 in breadth; and is surrounded by a lofty wall, on the inner side of which a wide arcade runs round the whole inejosure, giving to it the character of one magubicent cloister. At the smaller eastern side, there is a large chapel, and two smaller chapels of smaller size on the northern side. The lofty cireular arches of the arcade are filled with the
richest Gothic tracery, which belongs, however, to a later date—tile latter half of the 15th c.—and consequently formed no partof the original design. Thewallsarc adorned with frescoes which are of great interest and value, both absolutely and with refercnee to the history of art. The oldest of those which have been preserved adorn one side of the eastern wall: they represent the passion of Christ, his resurrection, and other sacred subjects. These remarkable paintings are supposed to date before the middle of the 14th c., and are ascribed to Buflalmaco. But the most marvelous productions are those of Giotto (q.v.), of Simone Memmi, the friend of Petrarch, and of Andrca and Ber nardo Orcagna. As a museum of classical antiquities, the C. S. is perhaps even more remarkable than in auy other point of view. Altars, sarcophagi, bass-reliefs, statues, inscriptions, everything that is interesting or curious which has come into the possession of the Pisaus for centuries, they have accumulated within its walls.