CHATSWORTH, the magnificent mansion of the duke of Devonshire, and one of the most splendid private scats in England, is situated in Derbyshire on the Dement, 12 m. n. by w. of Matlock. William the conqueror gave the domain to his natural son William Peveril. It was purchased by sir W. Cavendish in queen Elizabeth's time. Sir W., in 1570, began the old mansion, which was finished by his widow, afterwards countess of Shrewsbury % In this building Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned for 13 years. The present edifice, called a palace from its grandeur, includes the old Ionic pile, 183 by 172 ft. built 1687-1706, by the first duke of Devonshire, after designs by TaIman and Wren. The great stables were built about 1706, and the n. wing since 1720. The facade is 720 ft. long, or with the terraces, 1200 feet. The building is nearly a square, with an interior court. C. is famed for its pictures, sculptures, hangings, carvings, and bass-reliefs. There are some exquisite sculptures by Canova, Thorwaldsen, Chantrey, etc. The grounds around are 9 m. in circuit, including hill and dale, and
fine prospects. They were laid out by Loudon and Paxton, and are celebrated for their trees, shrubs, rock-work, deer, and water-works—only surpassed by those at Versailles. The conservatory, unrivaled in Europe, covers nearly an acre, measures 300 by 145 ft., and 65 ft. high, has 70,000 sq.ft. of glass, and a carriage-road through it. Hobbes, the philosopher, lived long at Chatsworth.
a river of the United States, rises on the eastern declivity of the Blue Ridge of the Alleghanies, in the n. of Georgia; traverses that state in a S.W. direc tion; becomes the boundary between it and Alabama; and finally, after receiving the Flint from the left, crosses Florida, under the name of Appalachicola, into the gulf of Mexico. With an entire course of 550 in., it is navigable upwards as far as Columbus, at a distance of 350 m. from the sea. It forms the principal outlet for the cotton crops of its basin.