CHRISTCHURCH, capital of the province of Canterbury, in New Zealand, situated on the river Avon, about 8 m. from the sea. Its port is Littleton, with which it is con nected by a railway, and it is in railway communication with the n. and south. It is the center of a great grazing district, and has also flourishing manufactories. There is a large export trade, chiefly in timber and wool. The city possesses numerous fine public buildings, churches, theater, etc. Pop. '75, 10,294; of electoral district, 13,000.
Tam CATHEDRAL or (Oxford). This great society has had three •distinct foundations. In 1526, cardinal Wolsey obtained from Clement VII. a bull for the suppression of 22 monasteries, the site of one of which he selected as the site of a new college, to be called cardinal college, and which he intended to endow on a scale of magnificence beyond that of any other foundation in Oxford. On the fall of Wolsey in 1529. the whole establishment came into the hands of king Henry VIII. In 1532, that prince refounded it under the name of king Henry VIII.'s college, and in 1546, he once more re-established the college, under the name of "Christ-church cathedral in Oxford, or the foundation of king Henry VIII., with a dean and 8 canons, SO students, 40 school boys, clerks, choristers,' etc. This foimdation is now subsisting, though it has under gone considerable modifications. To none of the canonries were any duties assigned by king Henry VIII. From time to time, however, the canonries have been annexed to various university professorships, more particularly one to the professorship of divinity, by king .James I.; one to the professorship of Ilebrew, by king Charles I.; and one to the professorships of ecclesiastical history and pastoral theology respectively, by queen Victoria.
Several changes were introduced by the commissioners appointed under 17 and 18 Viet. c. 81. There is now only one sinecure-enjoying canon. When he is off the list, no cue may hold a canonry save a professor, the archdeacon, or the sub-dean. The studentships are now 80 in number, and are, as before, divided into junior and senior studentships, differing considerable as to emolument. All these are now open, the old system of appointment by nomination having been abolished. About three junior students are elected every year in Lent term, one in every three for excellence in math ematics or physical science: and besides these, three are sent up yearly from Westmin ster. The senior studentships are also open, with the usual limitation of independent income. Of these, however, only a third can be held by laymen. The studentships were very poor; but an improvement in this respect has been included among the recent changes. Some valuable exhibitions, however, and 90 benefices, are in the gift of the society. In 1875, there were about 1150 names on the college books. No statutes were ,o-iven to C., owing to the death of the king having taken place shortly the final foundation of the college. It was, in consequence, entirely governed by the orders of the dean and chapter, to the total exclusion of the tutors. To this separation of the governing from the teaching body, as well as to the small value of the studentships, may be ascribed, in great measure, the inconsiderable degree of success in the schools, which, for many years past, brought no small discredit on this magnificent society.