CHRISTIANIA, capital of Norway, is situated in the province of Agerbuns, in a beautiful open valley on the northern side of the Christiana fiord. Pop. '15, 77,041. C. is the seat of the Norwegian government, the superior courts, and the storthing. Besides the suburbs of Pipervigen, Ilammarsborg, Vaterland, and Greenland, the town consists. of C. properly so called. (which was laid out by Christian IV. in 1614, in the form of a regular parallelogram of 1000 paces in length and breadth); the Old Town or Opslo, where the bishop resides; and the citadel Aggerhuus, from which the broad straight streets of the town can be fired upon. The most important public buildings are the royal palace, the bank and exchange, the house of representatives or storthing, the governor's palace, and the cathedral. To these may be added the university, the only one in Nor way, which was opened in 1813, and possesses a staff of 41 ordinary and 6 extraordinary professors. About 800 students attend it annually. This institution contains, besides
various scientific collections, a library of about 150,000 books, a botanical garden, and an observatory (in 59° 54' 42" n. lat., and 10° 50' e. long.). The latter was opened in 1833. C. has also some good schools and learned societies, of winch the " society for northern antiquities" is famous. The manufactures of C. are cotton, oil, paper, soap, and bricks. There are also numerous distilleries and corn-mills. It exports in considerable quanti• ties wood, iron, anchovies, and glasswares. In 1871, 1894 vessels of 262,853 tons entered the port (which, however, is covered with ice for four months). It has a regular steam boat communication with Gottenburg, Copenhagen, Kiel; Hull, and Leith. C., by means of its bay, is connected with Drammen (pop. 18,838), famous for its extensive trade in timber, etc. The scenery of the whole bay is unsurpassed in beauty.