CIDER is the fermented juice of apples, and is extensively prepared in Gloucestershire and other parts of England, in Ireland, in the northern districts of France, and in North America. In Normandy. a vast number of varieties of acid or bitter-apples are grown for the preparation of cider. The apples are first bruised in a circular stone.-trough or chase, by a similarly shaped stone or runner, which revolves by machinery in the interior of the trough. The pulp so obtained is placed in sieve-bags made of hair cloth or reed straw, and subjected to pressure, which yields a dark-colored, sweet liquid, and leaves in the bag a somewhat dry residue, consisting of the pips, skin, and other fibrous parts of the apple. The apple-juice passes first into a shallow tub or trin, and is almost imme diately placed in casks in a cool place, when fermentation begins, part of the sugar is converted into alcohol, and in a few days, a clear liquid is obtained, which can easily be racked off from sedimentary matter. C. is largely used in England as a beverage, and is very palatable and refreshing. It contains from 5} to 9 per cent of alcohol, and
is therefore intoxicating when drunk in quantity. It does not possess the tonic and nourishing properties, however, of bitter-beer. C. quickly turns sour, becoming hard C., owing to the development of lactic acid, and great difficulty is experienced in the attempt to preserve it.
a city in Cuba, on the s. coast of the island, on the bay of Jagua, 120 m. s.e. of Havana; pop. 9,950. It has a good harbor, and is one of the best built cities in the island. Railroads give communication with Cardenas and other towns on the n. coast. C. was founded in 1813 by a captain-general of that name.
CtE'ZA, a t. of Spain, in the province of Murcia, 26 m. n.w of the city of that name. It is situated on an eminence near the river Segura, overlooking a plain of great fertility. The streets are tolerably wide and well paved; and there are manufactures of linen, hempen fabrics, wine, and oil; and silk-worms are reared. Pop. 9,500.