CINCINNATI (ante), the chief city of Ohio, covers an area of 24 sq.m., and is laid out upon a plan substantially like that of Philadelphia, the long streets and avenuues, mostly 66 ft. or more in breadth, being generally well paved or macadamized, and some of them adorned with shade-trees. The buildings are mostly of brick, and very sub stantial. Some of the streets leading back from the river towards the high hills on the w. are of a steep grade. The summits of these hills, which have been made accessible, command highly picturesque views of the surrounding country, including a wide sweep of the territory on the other side of the river, in Kentucky. The main portion of the city lies between Deer creek on the o. and Mill creek on the w., these two streams enter ing the Ohio at a distance from each other of 2-f miles. The hillsidesbetwecn the creeks, n. of East Liberty street and Hamilton road, are terraced with streets to the summits, and covered with dwellings. On some of the western hills are vineyards and gardens. The suburban portions of the city in various directions are very attractive, being filled with elegant and costly private residences, surrounded by trees and shrubbery and cultivated lawns, with picturesquely winding paths. There are beautiful drives in various directions, the roads being tine and the scenery of a very attractive charac ter. The city is well provided witn parks and public grounds. Eden park, on a hill in the eastern district, commands a fine prospect. It contains 216 acres. Lincoln, Wash ington, Hopkins, and City parks near the center of the city, are beautiful, though small. Burnet woods contains 170 acres, nearly all forest. Spring Grove, a beautiful cemetery, is 3 m. n.w. of the city, in the valley of Mill creek. It is approached by an avenue 100 ft. wide, and contaius 600 acres of land tastefully laid out, and has a large number of costly monuments, among which are the Dexter mausoleum, and a bronze statue commemorating the suppression of the rebellion of 1861. The most noteworthy work of art in the city is the Tyler Davidson fountain, in Fifth street between Vine and Walnut, which was cast at the royal foundry in Munich, and which cost $200,000. It was suggested by Mr. Tyler Davidson, after whose death it was completed and pre sented to the city by Mr. Henry Probasco in 1871. Standing in a conspicuous place, it is an object of perpetual interest to citizens and strangers. During the warm days of summer, from early morning till midnight, its flowing jets make their welcome music, and impart a refreshing coolness to the air. The suspension bridge across the Ohio, connecting Cincinnati with the Kentucky shore at Covington, was designed by John A. Roebling, and completed in 1867 at a cost of $1,800,000. Another bridge, of wrought iron and resting upon r.iers, connects the city with Newport, Ky., and is used for both railroad and ordinary travel. Many of the public buildings of Cincinnati arc distin guished for architectural beauty. The U. S. government building, containing the post office, customhouse, court-rooms, and various offices, presents a front of 150 ft. on Vine street, and 80 ft. on Fourth street. It is of sawed freestone, three stories high, in the Roman Corinthian style. The county court-house is a square of three stories, and nearly fire-proof. Its cost was $500,000. With the county jail in its rear it occupies a whole square. The buildings for the use of the city government are less imposing, though well adapted to their purpose. The city hospital, consisting of eight distinct buildings arranged around a central court, occupies a square of nearly four acres. It cost over $700,000, exclusive of the ground, which is worth $300,000 more. It has accommodations for 700 patients. The public library, built of brick in the Romanesque style, with funds raised by taxation, cost about $675,000. Masonic hall, in the Byzan tine style, 195 by 100 ft., and four stories high, is avery imposing edifice. Pike's opera house also is of grand dimensions, with a front of 134 ft. and a depth of 170 feet.
Mozart hall is a massive edifice, with an auditorium seating 3,000 people. St. Xavier's college is a splendid building, in the Romanesque style. The city work house, 515 ft. long, has cells for 700 prisoners, with workshops and grounds for their employment. Longview asylum for the insane, at Carthage, 10 m. from the city, is of brick in the Italian style, 612 ft. long and four stories in height. The value of the buildings and grounds is $1,000,000. St. Peter's cathedral (Roman Catholic) is the finest church edifice in the city. It is 180 ft. long and 60 and 90 1k deep, in the pure Grecian style, with a stone spire 224 ft. high. The number of churches in Cincinnati exceeds 150, of which upwards of 40 are Roman Catholic, the rest being divided among a large number of Protestant sects. The public library contains 60,000 volumes, the young men's mercantile library 27,000, and the historical library 18,000 and many valuable MSS. There are in the city five literary colleges, six medical colleges, one law school, one college of dentistry, five commercial colleges, and a university. The common schools, about 30 in number, are well organized and managed. The Woodward and Hughes high schools have a high reputation for effi ciency. The Roman Catholics support over 100 parochial schools. The Wesleyan col lege for women, established here in 1842, has preparatory, academic, and collegiate departments, and a department of music and art. St. Xavier's college, administered by the Jesuits, affords instruction to many students. Lane theological seminary, on Wal nut hills, a Presbyterian institution, was organized in 1829, with an endowment of $200,000. Cincinnati is the center of a vast network of railroads, by means of which it is in direct and easy communication with every portion of the country. It is con nected with lake Erie by the Miami canal, and the Ohio river opens for it a channel of intercourse with a vast region, rapidly increasing in population and commerce. It is well supplied with daily and weekly papers and other periodicals, and is the center of a vast and various manufacturing industry and a widely extended commerce. Pop. in '80, 255,804. The city was founded in 1789 by settlers from New Jersey. Hostile Indians at that time rendered the navigation of the Ohio difficult and dangerous, and its prog ress for many years was slow. After the introduction of steam it grew rapidly. Though saved from the inroads of slavery by the ordinance of 1787. its proximity to. and its social and commercial relations with, the slave states, induced among its inhabitants an inveterate opposition to every scheme of emancipation. From 1831 to 1438, the public discussion of slavery there. was hardly less odious and dangerous thaa it was in New Orleans and Richmond. Two or three times an anti-slavery press established there by James G. Birney was destroyed by a mob, with the open and avowed sanction of emi nent citizens and the connivance of the city government. '1 he excuse urged for these outrages was that C. depended for her prosperity largely upon her trade m ith the slave states, and that this trade would not be retained if an anti-slavery journal were toler ated. The city was a rendezvous and a thoroughfare for fugitive slaves on their flight to Canada, and thus served to keep the people in a state of constant fermentation. Levi Coffin, a Quaker citizen of the place, who lately died at an advanced age, was proud to declare that lie had harbored no less than 3,000 of these fugitives, not.one of whom failed to make good his escape. A large proportion of the population, moreover, were natives of the south, and therefore in natural sympathy with the region whence they had emi grated. So strong was this sympathy in 1862, when an attack by a confederate force was expected, that it was deemed necessary to put tho city under martial law. These memories, however unpleasant, are a part of the history of a period now happily passed away.